Nonlinear optical and two-photon absorbtion properties of 1,3,5-tricyano-2,4,6-tris(styryl)benzene-containing octupolar oligomers

Octupolar oligomers containing 2-12 molecules of 1,3,5-tricyano-2,4,6-tris(styryl)benzene derivatives have been synthesized and their nonlinear optical and two-photon absorption (TPA) properties were determined. The beta(0) values are in the range of (85-1219) x 10(-30) esu and increase monotonically with the increasing number of the octupolar units within the molecule. The two-photon-induced fluorescence excitation spectra are quite similar to the single-photon absorption spectra except that the wavelength is doubled, indicating that the one- and two-photon allowed excited states are the same. The peak TPA cross-section values (delta(max)) measured with nanosecond pulses by the two-photon-induced fluorescence method are in the range (3010-62, 930) x 10(-50) cm(4)s photon(-1). The delta(max) increases as the number of the octupolar units in the molecules increases. A linear relationship is observed between delta(max) and beta, and this delta-beta relationship serves as a useful design strategy for the synthesis of novel octupolar oligomers and polymers with large TPA and beta.     

MOF-808/Bi2MoO6复合材料的构筑及其光催化性能

采用简单的两步水热法制备出了锆基金属有机骨架和钼酸铋的复合材料MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆。通过X射线粉末衍射、傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、N₂吸附-脱附测试和电化学测试对所制备材料的组成、微观结构、光学性质以及光生载流子的复合效率进行了分析。与纯Bi₂MoO₆和MOF-808相比,0.5%-MOF-808/Bi₂MoO₆复合材料展示出了较高的光催化活性,在可见光照射120 min时对抗生素环丙沙星(CIP)的降解率达89.7%。通过自由基捕获实验,证明了·O₂^-是主要活性物种,基于此我们提出了可能的光催化降解机理。     

范德华外延生长硫化镉二维纳米片及其光致发光性能研究

二维纳米材料具有独特的结构和优异的性能,在电子学及光电子学领域有广泛的应用前景,但关于硫化镉二维纳米材料的制备及性能研究还鲜有报道。本文首次采用范德华外延生长技术,在氟金云母片衬底上制备了硫化镉二维纳米片。通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪和拉曼光谱仪等分析手段对产物的形貌、厚度、晶体结构、成分等进行了系统的研究。结果表明,纳米片具有六方纤锌矿晶体结构,尺寸约为几个微米,厚度约为几十纳米。范德华外延生长技术在硫化镉二维单晶纳米片制备上的成功应用,为其它二维非层状材料的制备提供了新的思路,并使其在高性能电子和光电子器件上的应用成为了可能。     

Energetic Salts Based on Tetrazole N‐Oxide

Energetic materials (explosives, propellants, and pyrotechnics) are used extensively for both civilian and military applications and the development of such materials, particularly in the case of energetic salts, is subject to continuous research efforts all over the world. This Review concerns recent advances in the syntheses, properties, and potential applications of ionic salts based on tetrazole N‐oxide. Most of these salts exhibit excellent characteristics and can be classified as a new family of highly energetic materials with increased density and performance, alongside decreased mechanical sensitivity. Additionally, novel tetrazole N‐oxide salts are proposed based on a diverse array of functional groups and ions pairs, which may be promising candidates for new energetic materials.     

Development of pressurized hot water extraction followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for determination of ligustilides in Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis

In this work, a simple, rapid, solvent-free, and low-cost method was developed for the determination of ligustilides in traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which was based on pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) followed by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The two bioactive compounds Z-ligustilide and E-ligustilide in two common TCMs, viz. Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis, were extracted by water at 150 degrees C and 40 bar, followed by concentration with HS-SPME and detection by GC-MS. PHWE and HS-SPME parameters were investigated and method validation (precision and recovery) was studied. It has been shown that the proposed method provides a powerful approach for quantitative analysis of ligustilides in TCMs. The method was applied to determination of ligustildes in the TCMs from different growing areas. The results indicate that PHWE-HS-SPME-GC-MS is a potential tool for TCM quality assessment.     

Preparation and performance characterization of polymer Li-ion batteries using gel poly(diacrylate) electrolyte prepared by in situ thermal polymerization

A gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) was prepared by in-situ thermal polymerization of 1,3-butanediol diacrylate (BDDA) in a EC/EMC/DMC electrolyte solution at 100 °C. The GPE with 15 wt.% polymer content appears as apparently dry polymer with sufficient mechanical strength and shows a high ionic conductivity of 3.2×10^–3 S cm^–1 at 20 °C. The MCMB–LiCoO₂ type polymer Li-ion batteries (PLIB) prepared using this in-situ internal polymerization method exhibit a very high initial charge–discharge efficiency of 92.1%, and can deliver 94.4% of its nominal capacity at 1.0 C rate and 70.7% of its room temperature capacity at –20 °C. Also, the PLIB cells show very good cycling ability with >85% capacity retention after 300 cycles. The excellent charge–discharge properties of the PLIB cells are attributed to the integrated structure in which the polymer matrix spreads over entire region of the cell acting as a strong binder and electrolyte carrier to produce a stabilized electrode–electrolyte interface. In addition, the fabricating process of the polymer cell is quite simple and convenient for practical applications.     

毛细管电泳泡状检测池的制备及性能考察

采用局部成泡法自行制备毛细管电泳仪用泡状检测池。与普通圆柱形检测池相比,采用泡状池,检测信号可以提高６倍。对照讨论了泡状对电泳过程的影响。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析中导数光谱法研究 Ⅲ.信背比和检出限

本文比较研究了导数光谱法和常规光谱法的信背比、传统检出限和真实检出限。指出在有光谱干扰的情况下,数值导数技术有类似于提高光谱仪分辨率的作用,既可提高分析线的光谱选择性,又能减小扫描光谱仪的波长定位误差,从而减小光谱干扰对检出限的影响。     

高效的尖晶石铁钴氧/氮掺杂有序介孔碳催化剂应用于可充电锌-空气电池

以电催化为核心的新能源储存和转换技术为缓解能源与环境问题提供了有效手段.可充电锌空气电池因其理论能量密度(1086 Wh·kg–1)高、成本效益显著、安全系数高、环境友好及放电平稳等优点被认为是一种具有前景的能源存储/转换装置,有望在新能源汽车、便携式电源等领域广泛应用.氧还原反应(ORR)和氧析出反应(OER)是锌-空气电池中的核心反应,目前,虽然贵金属催化剂对上述反应表现出一定的电催化活性,但由于其稀缺性、高昂价格和低稳定性因素严重阻碍了它们在锌-空气电池中的广泛应用.而非贵金属催化剂所面临的瓶颈在于ORR/OER反应动力学缓慢,导致其在实际应用过程中存在电压效率低和催化剂腐蚀等问题.因此,为了推进锌-空气电池商业化进程,研制低成本、高效、稳定的非贵金属催化剂迫在眉睫.本文通过一步法将双金属前驱体嵌入氮掺杂有序介孔碳(NOMC)中,合成了具有尖晶石型铁钴氧化物的高性能非贵金属电催化剂(FexCo/NOMC,x代表铁钴的摩尔比).实验结果表明,在x=0.5时,所制备的催化剂具有最佳的催化活性,与商业贵金属催化剂相比,该催化剂展现更优的电催化活性和稳定性.电化学测试结果表明,其ORR的半波电位为0.89 V(vs.RHE),当OER电流密度为10 mA·cm–1时,过电势仅为0.31 V,且电流-时间曲线测试结果表明催化剂表现出较好的稳定性.通过X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、穆斯堡尔谱(M?ssbauer)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征手段对电催化剂的物化性质进行表征,结果表明该材料优异的氧电催化性能归因于双金属氧化物的电子调控作用、NOMC的介孔结构、高导电性和高比表面积,其ORR与OER的催化活性位点分别是氮活化的碳(N-C)和双金属氧化物.以优化的Fe0.5Co/NOMC为正极组装可充电锌-空气电池,该电池在空气环境下展现出优良的充放电性能,其在电流密度为100 mA·cm–2条件下操作时能量密度达到820 Wh·kg–1,在1.0 V时功率密度达到153 mW·cm–2,它还表现出较好的稳定性,经过144 h的循环实验,活性没有明显下降.本文不仅制备了一种有前景的尖晶石型氧化物碳基氧电催化材料,还为高效氧电催化剂的合理开发与构筑提供了一条新的思路.     

Analysis and computational method based on quadratic B‐spline FEM for the Rosenau–Burgers equation

L_∞‐error estimates for B‐spline Galerkin finite element solution of the Rosenau–Burgers equation are considered. The semidiscrete B‐spline Galerkin scheme is studied using appropriate projections. For fully discrete B‐spline Galerkin scheme, we consider the Crank–Nicolson method and analyze the corresponding error estimates in time. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate validity and order of accuracy of the proposed method. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 32: 877–895, 2016