Thiourea functionalized CdSe/CdS quantum dots as a fluorescent sensor for mercury ion detection

CdSe/CdS quantum dots(QDs) functionalized by thiourea(TU) were synthesized and used as a fluorescent sensor for mercury ion detection.The TU-functionalized QDs were prepared by bonding TU via electrostatic interaction to the core/shell CdSe/CdS QDs after capping with thioglycolic acid(TGA).It was observed that the fluorescence of the functionalized QDs was quenched upon the addition of Hg~(2+).The quantitative detection of Hg~(2+) with this fluorescent sensor could be conducted based on the linear relationship between the extent of quenching and the concentration of Hg~(2+) added in the range of1-300 μg L~(-1).A detection limit of 0.56 μg L~(-1) was achieved.The sensor showed superior selectivity for Hg~(2+) and was successfully applied to the determination of mercury in environmental samples with satisfactory results.     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定水果中5种植物生长调节剂残留量

建立了固相萃取/超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)同时测定水果中6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)、噻苯隆、氯吡脲、多效唑和烯效唑5种植物生长调节剂残留量的分析方法。水果样品经乙腈提取,NH2固相萃取小柱进行富集、净化,以二氯甲烷-甲醇(92∶8)为洗脱溶液,浓缩定容后,用Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)色谱柱分离,流速0.3 m L/min,以水-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,于UPLC-MS/MS仪多反应监测(MRM)模式测定,基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果表明,5种植物生长调节剂在5~500 ng/m L浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.996 1~0.999 6。在0.004,0.02,0.1 mg/kg加标水平下,方法的回收率为75.6%~110.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.2%~12.8%,方法检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为0.001~0.002 mg/kg,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为0.003~0.006 mg/kg。该方法操作简便、灵敏度高、准确可靠,适用于水果中5种植物生长调节剂残留量的同时测定。     

烟草制品及烟气中重金属检测方法的研究进展

从烟草制品及其烟气的前处理方法和检测方法两方面对烟草中重金属含量测定的研究进展进行了综述。重点介绍了湿法消解、微波消解、萃取和悬浮进样技术等样品前处理方法,以及原子光谱法、质谱法和液相色谱法等测定方法。列举了不同方法的灵敏度、准确性和适用范围,对各方法的优缺点进行了比较,并对烟草中重金属检测方法的发展进行了展望。     

一类线性约束矩阵不等式及其最小二乘问题

本文主要考虑一类线性矩阵不等式及其最小二乘问题,它等价于相应的矩阵不等式最小非负偏差问题.之前相关文献提出了求解该类最小非负偏差问题的迭代方法,但该方法在每步迭代过程中需要精确求解一个约束最小二乘子问题,因此对规模较大的问题,整个迭代过程需要耗费巨大的计算量.为了提高计算效率,本文在现有算法的基础上,提出了一类修正迭代方法.该方法在每步迭代过程中利用有限步的矩阵型LSQR方法求解一个低维矩阵Krylov子空间上的约束最小二乘子问题,降低了整个迭代所需的计算量.进一步运用投影定理以及相关的矩阵分析方法证明了该修正算法的收敛性,最后通过数值例子验证了本文的理论结果以及算法的有效性.     

Pipette vial dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with high‐performance liquid chromatography for the determination of benzoylurea insecticide in fruit juice

A simple, sensitive, and efficient method of using a pipette vial to perform dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on the solidification of floating organic droplets was coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a diode array detector for the preconcentration and analysis of four benzoylurea insecticides in fruit juice. In this method, 1‐dodecanol was used as an extractant, and a snipped pipette was used as an experimental vial to simplify the procedure of collecting and separating solidified extractant. The experimental parameters were optimized using a Plackett–Burman design and one‐factor‐at‐a‐time method. Under the optimal conditions in the water model, the limits of detection for analytes varied from 0.03 to 0.28 μg/L, and the enrichment factors ranged from 147 to 206. Linearity was achieved for diflubenzuron and flufenoxuron in a range of 0.5–500 μg/L, for hexaflumuron in a range of 1–500 μg/L, and for triflumuron in a range of 5–500 μg/L. The correlation coefficients for the analytes ranged from 0.9986 to 0.9994 with recoveries of 91.4–110.9%. Finally, the developed technique was successfully applied to fruit juice samples with acceptable results. The relative standard deviations of the analytes at two spiking levels (50 and 200 μg/L) varied between 0.2 and 4.5%.     

High loading LiFePO<Subscript>4</Subscript> on activated carbon fiber cloth as a high capacity cathode for Li-ion battery

The LiFePO₄/carbon fiber (LFP/CF) cathodes were prepared by using activated carbon fiber cloth as current collector in place of conventional Al foil. The electrochemical properties of LFP/CF electrodes were analyzed by the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The results indicate that the activated carbon fiber cloth with high specific surface area and high porosity makes the LFP/CF electrode that possesses higher mass loading of 18–21 mg cm^–2 and stronger redox reaction ability compared with Al foil-based electrode. The LFP/CF electrode shows excellent rate performance and cycle stability. At 0.1C, the discharge capacity is up to 190.1 mAh g^–1 that exceeds the theoretical capacity due to the combination effect of battery and capacitor. Furthermore, the LFP/CF electrode shows an initial capacity of 150.4 mAh g^–1 at 1C with a capacity retention of 74.7% after 425 cycles, which is higher than 62.4% for LFP/Al foil electrode, and an initial discharge capacity of 130 mAh g^–1 at 5C with a capacity retention of 61.5% after 370 cycles. But this composite electrode is not suitable for charging/discharging at higher rate as 10C due to too much mass loading.     

Ultrafast Photogenerated Hole Extraction/Transport Behavior in a CH3NH3PbI3/Carbon Nanocomposite and Its Application in a Metal‐Electrode‐Free Solar Cell

Aligned and flexible electrospun carbon nanomaterials are used to synthesize carbon/perovskite nanocomposites. The free‐electron diffusion length in the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ phase of the CH₃NH₃PbI₃/carbon nanocomposite is almost twice that of bare CH₃NH₃PbI₃, and nearly 95 % of the photogenerated free holes can be injected from the CH₃NH₃PbI₃ phase into the carbon nanomaterial. The exciton binding energy of the composite is estimated to be 23 meV by utilizing temperature‐dependent optical absorption spectroscopy. The calculated free carriers increase with increasing total photoexcitation density, and this broadens the potential of this material for a broad range of optoelectronics applications. A metal‐electrode‐free perovskite solar cell (power conversion efficiency: 13.0 %) is fabricated with this perovskite/carbon composite, which shows great potential for the fabrication of efficient, large‐scale, low‐cost, and metal‐electrode‐free perovskite solar cells.     

A new phenolic compound with antioxidant activity from the branches and leaves of Pyrus pashia

The branches and leaves of Pyrus pashia are used to cure abdominal pain and diarrhoea in Chinese folk medicine. A new phenilic compound, 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosylbenzyl-benzoate ester (1), along with 21 known ones (2–22) were isolated from the branches and leaves of this plant. Compounds 2 and 3 displayed remarkable antioxidant activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (IC₅₀ = 13.26 ± 0.04 μM, 13.28 ± 0.11 μM, respectively), which were at the same grade as positive control rutin. The caffeoyl group in compounds 2 and 3 was supposed to play an important role in the antioxidant activities.     

An Efficient Amide‐Aldehyde‐Alkene Condensation: Synthesis for the N‐Allyl Amides

The allylamine skeleton represents a significant class of biologically active nitrogen compounds that are found in various natural products and drugs with well‐recognized pharmacological properties. In this personal account, we will briefly discuss the synthesis of allylamine skeletons. We will focus on showing a general protocol for Lewis acid‐catalyzed N‐allylation of electron‐poor N‐heterocyclic amides and sulfonamide via an amide‐aldehyde‐alkene condensation reaction. The substrate scope with respect to N‐heterocyclic amides, aldehydes, and alkenes will be discussed. This method is also capable of preparing the Naftifine motif from N‐methyl‐1‐naphthamide or methyl (naphthalene‐1‐ylmethyl)carbamate, with paraformaldehyde and styrene in a one‐pot manner.     

Dominant dimensions,derived equivalences and tilting modules

We show that for every ? > 0 there exist δ > 0 and n₀ ∈ ? such that every 3-uniform hypergraph on n ≥ n₀ vertices with the property that every k-vertex subset, where k ≥ δn, induces at least \(\left( {\frac{1}{2} + \varepsilon } \right)\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}c} k \\ 3 \\ \end{array} } \right)\) edges, contains K₄^? as a subgraph, where K₄^? is the 3-uniform hypergraph on 4 vertices with 3 edges. This question was originally raised by Erd?s and Sós. The constant 1/4 is the best possible.