Analysis of the dissipation kinetics of thiophanate‐methyl and its metabolite carbendazim in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS–UPLC–MS/MS method

As one of the main fungicides for the apple leaf disease control, thiophanate‐methyl (TM) mainly exerts its fungicidal activity in the form of its metabolite carbendazim (MBC), whose dissipation kinetics is very distinct from that of its parent but has been paid little attention. The aim of this work was to investigate the dissipation kinetics of TM and its active metabolite MBC in apple leaves using a modified QuEChERS–UPLC–MS/MS method. The results showed that TM and MBC could be quickly extracted by this modified QuEChERS procedure with recoveries of 81.7–96.5%. The method linearity was in the range of 0.01–50.0 mg kg^?1 with the quantification limit of 0.01 mg kg^?1. Then this method was applied to the analysis of fungicide dissipation kinetics in apple leaves. The results showed that the dissipation kinetics of TM for the test in 3 months can be described by a first‐order kinetics model with a DT₅₀ (dissipation half‐life) range of 5.23–6.03 days and the kinetics for MBC can be described by a first‐order absorption–dissipation model with the T_max (time needed to reach peak concentration) range of 4.78–7.09 days. These models can scientifically describe the behavior of TM and MBC in apple leaves, which provides necessary data for scientific application.     

稀土对60CrMnMo钢奥氏体长大动力学的影响

研究了不同稀土加入量对６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢奥氏体晶粒长大动力学的影响。结果表明，６０ＣｒＭｎＭｏ钢中加入一定量的稀土，能细化奥氏体晶粒并抑制其长大。根据实验结果，对奥氏体晶界迁移激活能（Ｑ）进行了计算，计算表明随稀土加入量增加，Ｑ值亦增加。     

风场探测干涉仪中基准光程差的选择原理

为了确定风场成像干涉仪（Wind Imaging Interferometer,WINDII）中存在的基准光程差的值,首先从风场探测机理出发,分析了影响基准光程差的因素.针对WINDII分别从调制度、相位及相近谱线同相的要求三个方面加以剖析,依次获得了它们与基准光程差之间的定量关系.综合考虑三个条件的要求,最终得出了基准光程差的选择原理.并用此理论对几种不同的风场成像干涉仪的基准光程差值进行了验证.     

正则化处理在层析成象光谱技术中的应用

本文首先介绍了层析成象光谱技术的基本原理和奇异值分解法在层析成象光谱技术中的一般应用。其次,为了改善层析成象系统的病态性,在硬件上,可通过设计光栅各衍射级数的衍射效率从而降低投影矩阵的谱条件数;在软件上,通过引入正则化处理,改善了层析成象系统的稳定性,降低了噪音对重建的光谱图象的影响。最后,我们通过计算机模拟试验进一步证实了理论的合理性和准确性。     

随机P矩阵和随机P0矩阵线性互补问题

定义了随机P矩阵和随机P0矩阵,给出了矩阵为随机P矩阵或随机P0矩阵的充要条件.研究了随机线性互补问题(SLCP)的矩阵为随机P矩阵时,期望残差方法(ERM)解集的有界性.得到了期望矩阵为P矩阵时,(ERM)解集非空有界.并且研究离散情形(ERM)与期望值方法(EV)解的关系,给出了(ERM)解唯一的条件.     

衍生化固相微萃取与气相色谱-质谱联用测定生活垃圾渗沥液中双酚A

建立了固相微萃取-顶空衍生化与色谱-质谱联用技术测定水中双酚A定量分析方法。对影响萃取和衍生化过程的参数进行了条件优化,实验选用聚丙烯酸酯(PA)萃取纤维,在搅拌速度为1200r/min、溶液离子强度100g/L、pH2和25℃的条件下萃取60min后,N,O双(三甲基硅烷基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)顶空衍生化5min。方法的线性范围是0.09~200μg/L;检出限0.03μg/L;相对标准偏差为3·88%。应用本方法对广州大田山垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗沥液中的双酚A进行了测定。     

离子色谱-紫外检测法测定饲料中的胍基乙酸

通过对色谱柱、流动相洗脱、样品前处理等条件进行优化,建立了一种检测饲料中胍基乙酸含量的离子色谱法。在甲磺酸线性梯度洗脱条件下,样品经Dionex IonPacTMCS16阳离子交换柱分离,用紫外检测器于200 nm波长处进行检测。在0.5~200 mg/L范围内,中胍基乙酸色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数r2=0.999 9)。配合饲料和浓缩饲料中胍基乙酸的检出限为4.5 mg/kg、定量限为15 mg/kg,复合预混合饲料中胍基乙酸的检出限为9.0 mg/kg、定量限为30 mg/kg。该方法对添加量在15 mg/kg~60 g/kg范围内的禽用配合饲料、猪用配合饲料、浓缩饲料、复合预混合饲料中胍基乙酸的回收率均大于94%。该方法性能指标可满足饲料中胍基乙酸含量的检测需求。     

Effect of gamma irradiation on the thermal and rheological properties of grain amaranth starch

Physical properties of starch from two cultivars of gamma-irradiated grain amaranth with different amylose content were investigated. Pasting viscosities decreased continuously with the increase in dosages of irradiation. Furthermore, different irradiation dosages resulted in modification of the thermal properties and crystallinity of starch. Dynamic oscillation on shear was also employed, temperature and frequency sweeps showed that changes in storage modulus and loss modulus were significant, with Tibet Yellow producing more elastic gels as compared to Hy030 at different irradiation dosages.     

Fourier变换光谱学退卷积技术的理论研究

介绍了Fourier变换光谱退卷积技术的原理,通过数学推导从理论上对退卷积光谱的特性进行了分析,分别讨论了退卷积技术的两个重要参量,即退卷积系数和切趾长度,对复原光谱的线宽和信噪比的影响,从而得到三个结论:1) 退卷积技术的分辨率增强能力在实际中由于受到噪音的限制而不能无限提高.2) 对于光谱中宽度不同的谱线,退卷积将导致它们之间的峰高比失真.3) 在选定退卷积系数和切趾长度以满足谱线形状和宽度的要求后,只有通过选择合适的切趾函数来满足信噪比的要求.研究还发现,退卷积过程相当于一个带通滤波器,其中高通滤波器是退卷积函数,低通滤波器是切趾函数,它们共同决定着退卷积技术的滤波特性.