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81.
82.
杂多酸的固载化─关于制备负载型酸催化剂的一般原理 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
杂多酸同时具有酸和氧化-还原的催化特性,有着很广泛的应用前景.这类化合物在一系列精细合成中取代硫酸作为催化剂以满足环保的要求,显示出了很大的潜力.杂多酸固载化后,不仅能在液相氧化和酸催化反应中把催化剂从反应介质中很方便地分离出来,而且还为这类均相催化反应的多相化,甚至利用催化蒸馏新工艺等创造了应有的条件,可以使生产工艺大大简化,获得更广泛的应用.本文以很好表征过的多种孔性材料,包括氧化物,如Al_2O_3、SiO_2、TiO_2、硅藻土、膨润土和来源不同的活性炭为载体,考察了负载杂多酸催化剂的催化活性.在大量前期工作的基础上,通过总结载体对固载杂多酸催化活性的影响等,探讨载体的内在性质在杂多酸固载、吸附和催化反应中的作用本质,为由吸附法制备各种负载型固体酸催化剂在液相中的应用提供可资参考的模型. 相似文献
83.
近红外漫反射光谱法对固态样品的无损分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文应用目标因子分析研究了固态样品的近红外漫反射光谱,用目标因子分析成功地确定了固态样品的物种数、物种种类和各物种的含量。 相似文献
84.
85.
Uncoupled metabolism stimulated by chemical uncoupler and oxic-settling-anaerobic combined process to reduce excess sludge production 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The effects of three uncoupled metabolic systems (conventional activated sludge process with the addition of 3,3′,4′,5-tetrachlorosalicylanilide
[TCS], oxic-settling-anaerobic [OSA] process modified by insertion of a sludge-holding tank in the sludge return line, and
TCS and OSA combined process) on reducing excess sludge production were studied. Compared with the control conventional activated
sludge process, the most effective system was the combined process, which could reduce excess sludge production by 46.90%.
The 180-d operation results confirmed that TCS is an effective chemical uncoupler in reducing the sludge yield but that it
had an adverse effect on substrate removal capability, effluent nitrogen concentration, and sludge settleability. The OSA
process decreased excess sludge production by only 26% but had less adverse effect on effluent quality and could improve sludge
settleability. The effluent total phosphorous concentration of the three systems was slightly lower than of the control unit.
Microbial populations were monitored by both microscopic and molecular biologic analysis method (polymerase chain reaction
[PCR]-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis [DGGE]). The presence of TCS caused metazoans to disappear and decreased the
number and activity of protozoa. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA and sequent DGGE analysis found a shift in the diversity of
the predominant species. The results imply that OSA combined with the chemical uncoupler process may effectively reduce excess
sludge yield and not affect process performance significantly. 相似文献
86.
Ye Qing Li Ming Lu Chun Xu Lu Sai Jian Zhu Qi Fa Liu 《中国化学快报》2007,18(11):1313-1315
A novel and simple procedure for synthesis of azanucleoside by Mitsunobu reaction between N-(p-nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl)- trans-4-hydroxy-D-proline methyl ester obtained from trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline after six-step reaction and 2-fluoro-6-azidopurine is described,and azanucleoside is fluorinated by new fluridizer 2,2-difluoro-1,3-dimethylimidazolidine (DFI).All reactions could be carded out under mild condition. 相似文献
87.
合成了六种轻希土硫氰酸盐与标题不饱和冠醚的新固体配合物,进行了元素分析,摩尔电导率、DTA、UV、IR和XPS等表征。对Ln(NCS)_3·L和Ln(NCS)_3的XPS研究中,得到它们组成原子芯能级电子(Ln3d_(5/2),Ols,Nls,S2p)的结合能信息;观察到除Y3d_(5/2)外Ln3d_(5/2)(Ln=La、Ce、Pr、Nd、和Sm)的伴峰结构,Ln3d_(5/2)结合能与原子序数呈线性关系,并推断类似化合物Pm3d_(5/2)结合能在1035eV附近. 相似文献
88.
89.
Xiong JY Narayanan J Liu XY Chong TK Chen SB Chung TS 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2005,109(12):5638-5643
Kinetics as well as the evolution of the agarose gel topology is discussed, and the agarose gelation mechanism is identified. Aqueous high melting (HM) agarose solution (0.5% w/v) is used as the model system. It is found that the gelation process can be clearly divided into three stages: induction stage, gelation stage, and pseudoequilibrium stage. The induction stage of the gelation mechanism is identified using an advanced rheological expansion system (ARES, Rheometric Scientific). When a quench rate as large as 30 deg C/min is applied, gelation seems to occur through a nucleation and growth mechanism with a well-defined induction time (time required for the formation of the critical nuclei which enable further growth). The relationship between the induction time and the driving force which is determined by the final setting temperature follows the 3D nucleation model. A schematic representation of the three stages of the gelation mechanism is given based on turbidity and rheological measurements. Aggregation of agarose chains is promoted in the polymer-rich phase and this effect is evident from the increasing mass/length ratio of the fiber bundles upon gelation. Continuously increasing pore size during gelation may be attributed to the coagulation of the local polymer-rich phase in order to achieve the global minimum of the free energy of the gelling system. The gel pore size determined using turbidity measurements has been verified by electrophoretic mobility measurements. 相似文献
90.