In this paper, one specific kind of heat transfer problem with nonlinear Stefan-Boltzmann conditions are considered in a three dimensional multi-layer domain. Theoretical results for forward and inverse problems are presented. Numerical simulations of specific models from applications are provided to demonstrate the heat transfer process in the composite materials of forward problem. One reconstruction method is proposed to find the corrosion part, and the numerical examples show that the reconstruction algorithm is effective. 相似文献
Let s : S2 → G(2, 5) be a linearly full totally unramified pseudo-holomorphic curve with constant Gaussian curvature K in a complex Grassmann manifold G(2, 5). It is prove that K is either 1 4 1 or 4/5 if s is non-±holomorphic. Furthermore, K = 1/3 if and only if s is totally real. We also prove that the Gaussian curvature K is either 1 or -4/3 if s is a non-degenerate holomorphic curve under some conditions. 相似文献
A class of nonlinear integrodifferential impulsive periodic systems of mixed type on Banach space is considered. Existence of periodic PC-mild solutions is proved. Existence of periodic optimal pairs of systems governed by nonlinear impulsive integrodifferential equations of mixed type is also presented. An example is given for demonstration. 相似文献
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry - Regulating lithium deposition and stripping behavior during cycles is critical for constructing high-performance and stable lithium metal anodes (LMAs).... 相似文献
Catalytic strategies based on main group metals are significantly less advanced than those of transition metal catalysis, leaving untapped areas of potentially fruitful research. We here demonstrate an effective approach for the modulation of Bi 6p energy levels during the construction of atomically dispersed clusters of amorphous BiOx. Bi oxidation state is proposed to strongly affects the nitrogen fixation activity, with the half-occupied pz orbitals of the Bi2+ ions being highly efficient toward electron injection into the inert N2 molecule. With sufficient catalytic sites to adsorb and activate N2, the bonding between N2 and catalyst is able to be in situ identified. The catalyst shows an outstanding Faraday efficiency (≈30 %) and high yield (≈113 μg h−1 mg−1cat) in NH3 production, outperforming most of the existing catalysts in aqueous solution. These results lay the basis for developing the potential of p-block elements for catalysis of multi-electron reactions. 相似文献
Lithium–sulfur (Li−S) batteries are promising due to ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, their cycling lifespan is crucially affected by the electrode kinetics of lithium polysulfides. Herein, the polysulfide solvation structure is correlated with polysulfide electrode kinetics towards long-cycling Li−S batteries. The solvation structure derived from strong solvating power electrolyte induces fast anode kinetics and rapid anode failure, while that derived from weak solvating power electrolyte causes sluggish cathode kinetics and rapid capacity loss. By contrast, the solvation structure derived from medium solvating power electrolyte balances cathode and anode kinetics and improves the cycling performance of Li−S batteries. Li−S coin cells with ultra-thin Li anodes and high-S-loading cathodes deliver 146 cycles and a 338 Wh kg−1 pouch cell undergoes stable 30 cycles. This work clarifies the relationship between polysulfide solvation structure and electrode kinetics and inspires rational electrolyte design for long-cycling Li−S batteries. 相似文献
A quadrupolar compound Pyr-BA with two pyrrole-type nitrogen atoms doped externally was prepared in this work. In high contrast with other π ionic radicals, its cationic radical Pyr-BA ⋅ + undergoes unusual symmetry-broken charge separation (SB-CS), generating the mixed valence complex of Pyr-BA+1−q ⋅⋅⋅ Pyr-BA+1+q , where q is the degree of charge transfer. Variable-temperature (VT) single-crystal analysis, absorption and EPR experiments all confirmed that aggregation and lower temperature would help to facilitate this SB-CS process. Gibbs energy calculations and gauge-including magnetically induced current simulation both validate that, for Pyr-BA ⋅ + , SB-CS behavior is more favorable than the conventional dimerization mode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that shows solid single-crystal evidence for spontaneous SB-CS between identical ionic radicals. Such a unique phenomenon is of great significance both in terms of fundamental aspects and uncharted material science. 相似文献
The synthesis of bench-stable conjugated π-radicals is challenging owing to the lack of modular approaches, which greatly hampers their practical material screens and applications. Here, we demonstrate a spin-distribution-directed regioselective substitution strategy to introduce substituents into the specific positions of an olympicenyl radical in a stepwise manner, resulting in a series of highly stable radical species. The substituents can also adjust the crystal packing by means of steric and electronic factors, enabling the changing from a π-dimer to a pseudo-one-dimensional chain. The first single crystal organic field-effect transistor device based on a graphenic radical is fabricated in air, showing a hole mobility of up to 0.021 cm2 V−1 s−1 and excellent device stability. This approach may be generalized to diverse spin-delocalized open-shell organic radicals. 相似文献
This paper investigates the collaborative design problem aiming to achieve state-constrained bipartite tracking of the interconnected robotic systems (IRSs) with prescribed performance. In practical applications, the physical limitations of the robots are inevitable. Besides, it is difficult to ensure that the target trajectory is known for each robot of the IRSs in advance. Thus, it is important to follow the target trajectory and meanwhile obey the state constraint being generated from the physical limitations and the external environment of the IRSs. To this end, we propose a new hierarchical state-constrained estimator-based control framework with the characteristics of low computation complexity and high task adaptability. With limited accessibility of the target trajectory, we newly present the estimator to observe it at each time interval through the interconnections among the robots. The state constraint is never violated throughout the convergence process by using the presented control algorithm. The theoretical proof and simulation results are presented to validate the feasibility of the control framework.