基于丙二酰胺的不对称双子表面活性剂的合成及其乳化性能

将二(3-二甲氨基丙基)丙二酰胺分别与溴代十六烷和溴代十四烷反应,生成的季铵盐化产物经丙酮-乙腈重结晶,得到含丙二酰胺基的不对称阳离子双子(Gemini)表面活性剂(命名为16-9-14),总收率为45.9%(以溴代十六烷计);利用红外光谱和核磁共振谱表征了合成产物的结构,采用电导法测定了其临界胶束浓度(CMC),采用滴体积法测定了其临界张力(γCMC),进而初步探讨了其发泡沫性能和乳化性能.结果表明,合成的Gemini表面活性剂的CMC为1.57×10-4 mol/L,γCMC为38.45mN/m;其发泡性能和乳化性能优于相应的单子表面活性剂.     

可拉伸超韧水凝胶的制备和应用

综述了可拉伸超韧水凝胶的设计原理及其在组织工程和柔性电子器件领域的应用. 通过将网络结构层次、 化学结构、 增韧机制与宏观力学性能相结合, 重点讨论了单网络水凝胶、 双网络水凝胶、 纳米复合水凝胶及其它水凝胶等可拉伸超韧水凝胶的研究进展, 并总结和展望了新思路和新方向.     

ZnCl2、KOH和HNO3改性MWCNT对苯酚的吸附行为研究

通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、N₂吸附分析仪及Boehm滴定法获得ZnCl₂、KOH和HNO₃化学处理对高纯多壁碳纳米管的结构和表面含氧官能团的影响,通过批处理实验考察吸附条件（吸附时间、初始浓度、温度）对处理前后的碳纳米管吸附苯酚行为的影响,并采用准一级、准二级、Evolich动力学模型和热力学方程拟合其吸附数据,分析其动力学行为、热力学行为和吸附机理。结果表明,虽然ZnCl₂、KOH和HNO₃化学处理法均未对碳纳米管BET比表面积产生显著影响,但会影响其表面化学性质（即,对于ZnCl₂和KOH化学处理降低表面羧基、内酯基含量和增大碱性官能团量,而对于HNO₃化学处理可以增大表面羧基、内酯基含量,而碱性官能团略有增加）;改性处理影响碳纳米管去除苯酚效率：由于ZnCl₂和KOH改性处理降低碳纳米管表面羧基量,故其提高了苯酚去除率,而HNO₃处理则略减小碳纳米管的苯酚去除率,可能是由于碳纳米管结构和表面化学性质共同影响所致;碳纳米管的苯酚去除率均随苯酚溶液初始浓度的增大而减小;高温不利于吸附;热力学研究发现碳纳米管吸附苯酚过程是自发的和放热的,属于物理吸附;动力学研究表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程。通过ZnCl₂和KOH化学处理,可以显著提高碳纳米管对苯酚的吸附性能。     

Crystal Structure of Scheelite-type LiTb(WO_4)_2 and Multi-color Emitting Properties Doped by Eu~(3+)

Single crystal of lithium terbium tungstate LiTb(WO4)2 has been grown by the flux method. The crystal structure was refined from single-crystal X-ray data. It crystallizes in tetragonal system, space group I41/a with a = 5.1749(9), c = 11.1953(19) ?, V = 299.81(12) ?~3, Z = 2, Mr = 661.56, Dc = 7.328 g/cm^3, F(000) = 560, μ(MoKα) = 49.94 mm^-1, R(F^2 > 2σ(F^2)) = 0.026 and wR(F^2) = 0.070. It features a typical scheelite-type structure composed of two-direction packing of isolated WO4 tetrahedra. Li and Tb atoms in the structure occupy the same crystallographic site. Moreover, a series of solid solution phosphors LiTb(1-x)Eux(WO4)2(x = 0.004~0.1) were synthesized by high temperature solid-state reactions. The phosphors could be effectively excited by a wavelength range from 379 to 487 nm, which matches well with the UV and near-UV LED chip. The emission color of the phosphor can be tuned from green, through yellow to red by simply adjusting the relative Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺ concentration due to the Tb³⁺ to Eu³⁺ energy transfer.     

Insight into Superior Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity for Degradation of Dye over Corner-truncated Cubic Ag2O Decorated TiO2 Hollow Nanofibers

Ag2O/TiO2 heterostructure has been constructed by loading corner-truncated cubic Ag2O on the TiO2 hollow nanofibers via an electrospinning-precipitation method. Compared to individual Ag2O and TiO2, Ag2O/TiO2 heterostructure exhibits obviously enhanced photocatalytic activity for the photodegradation of methyl orange(MO) under visible light irradiation. The composite with molar ratio of Ag2O to TiO2 at 4:10 exhibits the best photocatalytic performance with MO degraded 93% in 6 min. The superior activity is mainly attributed to the surface plasmon resonance(SPR) effect of metallic Ag in-situ produced during the photocatalytic process, which can favor electron transfer to the conduction band of TiO2. This leads to the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers, thus a superior photodegradation activity. Moreover, the energy band alignments of Ag2O/TiO2 heterostructure are calculated, which provides strong support for the proposed mechanism.     

反式阿魏酸钌配合物的合成、表征、荧光光谱及其与DNA/蛋白作用

对天然产物反式阿魏酸进行化学修饰,设计、合成了2种单核钌配合物[Ru(cym)(L)Cl]Cl (Ru-1)与[Ru(bpy)2(L)]Cl2(Ru-2)(cym=对伞花烃,bpy=2,2′-联吡啶,L=(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-N-((4′-methyl-(2,2′-bipyridin)-4-yl)methyl)acrylamide),通过核磁共振氢谱和碳谱、电喷雾质谱对配合物进行了结构表征。利用荧光、紫外-可见光谱等方法研究了配合物的溶解性和光学性质。配合物均具有良好的亲水性。Ru-2有良好的荧光性能,其发射波长达到近红外的631 nm,且可以在pH值为8～10之间实现响应。Ru-2还具有较高的单线态氧量子产率(Φ=0.70),有望成为一类高效的光敏剂。2种配合物都与CT-DNA发生嵌入作用(Kb分别为1.210×104和1.233×103L·mol-1);均与BSA有一个结合位点,使其荧光发生静态淬灭(Ka值分别为1.94×104,2.45×104)。     

地锦草有效成分的提取及其生物活性的研究

采用乙醇浸提法来提取地锦草中的有效成分,并对其生物活性进行研究。探讨了地锦草总黄酮的最佳提取工艺;通过体外抗氧化实验,对地锦草提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究;同时考察了提取物对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、青霉、曲霉的抗菌性能,并对地锦草提取物对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性进行研究。实验结果表明:地锦草总黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇体积分数为85%,料液比为1∶15,提取次数为3次;体外抗氧化实验表明,地锦草具有抗氧化活性,且在浓度为8 mg/mL最为明显;抗菌性能实验表明,地锦草具有抗菌性能,且对青霉、曲霉的抗菌效果比较显著;α-淀粉酶的抑制活性的实验表明,地锦草提取物对α-淀粉酶的活性有抑制能力,在pH 6.8、浓度为4.8 mg/mL、温度为70℃时,其对α-淀粉酶的抑制效果达到最大。     

爆炸载荷下脆性颗粒体系破碎特性的数值研究

试验发现,以球形TNT为中心爆源,球形玻璃珠构成的颗粒和球壳中发生破碎的颗粒体积分数随当量比(颗粒球壳的质量与TNT炸药的质量比)的增加呈现指数衰减规律。采用有限元与离散元耦合的连续非连续数值方法,揭示了中心炸药起爆后颗粒环壳内爆炸波的传播衰减和在环壳外界面反射后的稀疏卸载过程。由于爆炸波的短脉冲特性,颗粒内部应力场始终处于应力非均衡状态,采用应力均衡状态下颗粒破碎强度的Weibull分布会得到远高于试验测得的破碎颗粒体积分数。因此采用破坏波传播特征时间内的平均诱导应力而非瞬时诱导应力作为颗粒破碎强度的应力指标,并通过试验结果确定破坏波传播特征时间。考虑了应力传播的非均匀性对于颗粒破碎的影响,得到了平均诱导应力峰值的概率分布随比例距离的变化规律,结合修正后的颗粒破碎强度Weibull分布建立了破碎颗粒体积分数随比例距离的变化模型。     

聚乳酸组织工程支架结构的精密调控

采用糖球模板法结合热致相分离技术,制备了孔径尺寸、内连通度及孔隙率高度可控的左旋聚乳酸(PLLA)支架材料,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FTIR)以及示差扫描量热法(DSC)对其空间结构及性能进行了系统研究.支架材料孔径从50μm到800μm及内连通孔径从10μm到200μm连续可调,微观孔壁结构根据不同溶剂可形成各异的微纳米结构.支架的制备对PLLA化学结构无显著影响,但相分离过程会不同程度地降低PLLA的结晶度.     

Effect of Sputtering Parameters on Film Composition,Crystal Structure,and Coercivity of SmCo Based Films Deposited on Si （100） Substrates

The sputtering parameter mediated composition （SPMC） effect of 3.0-μm-thick SmCo-based films is experimentally and theoretically studied. The experimental results give a clear indication that the Sm concentration increases with the decreasing sputtering power or with the increasing Ar gas pressure, which are in agreement with the calculated values when the preferential sputtering effect is disregarded. The SPMC effect provides an opportunity for the same composite target to fabricate films with an Sm concentration varying from 13.8at.% to 17.3at.%, which is reasonable for the magnetic phase transformation （Sm2Co17→SmCo7→SmCo5） and the enhanced coercivity.