High performance a-Si solar cells and new fabrication methods for a-Si solar cells

The super chamber, a separated UHV reaction-chamber system has been developed. A conversion efficiency of 11.7% was obtained for an a-Si solar cell using a high-quality i-layer deposited by the super chamber, and a p-layer fabricated by a photo-CVD method.As a new material, amorphous superlattice-structure films were fabricated by the photo-CVD method for the first time. Superlattice structure p-layer a-Si solar cells were fabricated, and a conversion efficiency of 10.5% was obtained.For the fabrication of integrated type a-Si solar cell modules, a laser pattering method was investigated. A thermal analysis of the multilayer structure was done. It was confirmed that selective scribing for a-Si, TCO and metal film is possible by controlling the laser power density. Recently developed a-Si solar power generation systems and a-Si solar cell roofing tiles are also described.     

Study of the structural relaxation and crystallization in amorphous Fe80P20 alloy by mössbauer effect

The structural relaxation and crystallization of amorphous Fe₈₀P₂₀ alloys have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The result indicates that the process of the crystallization of Fe₈₀P₂₀ makes slow progress and it was occur from outside into inside. The amorphous alloys may be classified into six different stages from amorphous to crystalline state during annealing.     

Three-body calculation of neutron-deuteron elastic scattering in the energy region from 2.5 MeV up to 50 MeV

The three-body Faddeev equations for neutron-deuteron scattering are solved in the energy region from 2.5 MeV to 50 MeV of the incident neutron energy with small energy steps. Higher-rank separable potentials are used in the¹ s ₀ wave and in the³ s ₁—³ d ₁ waves, while rank-1 separable potentials are used in¹ p ₁,³ p _0,1,2 ¹ d ₂ ³ d _2,3 waves. The calculation is compared with experiments for the total cross section, the total break-up cross section, the differential cross section and the analyzing power of neutron-deuteron scattering. The improvements in the agreement as compared to previous calculations are impressive in many cases. Especially, the calculated total cross section agrees with the experiment below 30 MeV within the error bars, which are as small as 1%. A discussion on the numerical accuracy is given. General aspects of the calculated cross section are discussed. It is pointed out that thes-wave asymptotic normalization of the deuteron wave function (A _s ) is important.     

Muon spin relaxation for Ar+NO2 systems in transverse and longitudinal magnetic fields

Surface muons produced in UT-MSL were introduced into argon gas of 4.0±0.2 atm with NO₂ (0–30 ppm), and muonium signals were detected in the presence of a transverse (1.7–3.4 G) and a longitudinal magnetic field (0–3.5 kG) at 295±1 K. The cross section for the transverse relaxation was (11.0±1.0)×10⁻¹⁶ cm². The relaxation rates in different longitudinal magnetic fields show that the rate does not follow the conventional equation which assumes that the relaxation occurs mainly by spin-exchange interaction. Similar measurements were performed for the Mu+O₂ system. These findings indicate that chemical reactions contribute to these relaxation rates.     

Energy spectrum of cosmic-ray neutrinos in the atmosphere

Summary The energy spectrum of cosmic-ray neutrinos in the atmosphere has been calculated for the neutrino energy from 0.2 GeV to 10⁸ GeV by taking into account the results of p-p collision, p-nucleus collision, nucleus-nucleus collision, the energy spectrum of primary cosmic rays, momentum spectrum and charge ratio of cosmic-ray muons measured by MUTRON, and the production of prompt neutrinos in the decay of charmed particles. Our result on neutrino intensity is in good agreement with the result of Osborneet al. for the horizontal direction if their muon spectrum has been corrected, and also with the result of Volkova for the vertical direction except for the lower energies. For the horizontal direction the intensity of prompt muon-neutrinos exceeds that of muonneutrinos from the conventional processes at the neutrino energy of 10⁶ GeV and also the intensity of prompt electron-neutrinos exceeds that of electron-neutrinos from the conventional processes at the energy of 10⁵ GeV. The corresponding values for the vertical direction are 10⁵ GeV and 10⁴ GeV, respectively. In the energy region from 0.3 GeV to 3 GeV, the expected value for the ratio of intensity of electron-neutrino to that of muon-neutrino is obtained as 0.42±0.08 and this is excellent agreement with the experimental value 0.36±0.13 of NUSEX group.

---

Riassunto è stato calcolato lo spettro d’energia dei neutrini dei raggi cosmici nell’atmosfera per un’energia neutrinica da 0.2 a 10⁸ GeV tenendo conto dei risultati delle collisioni p-p, p-nucleo, nucleo-nucleo, dello spettro d’energia dei raggi cosmici primari, dello spettro dell’impulso e del rapporto di carica dei muoni dei raggi cosmici misurato da MUTRON e dalla produzione di neutrini pronti nel decadimento di particelle con charm. Il nostro risultato sull’intensità dei neutrini è in buon accordo con il risultato di Osborneet al. per la direzione orizzontale se il loro spettro muonico viene corretto, ed anche con il risultato di Volkova per la direzione verticale tranne che per le energie piú basse. Per la direzione orizzontale l’intensità dei neutrini muonici pronti è maggiore di quella dei neutrini muonici che derivano dai processi convenzionali ad energia neutrinica di 10⁶ GeV ed anche l’intensità dei neutrini elettronici pronti è maggiore di quella dei neutrini elettronici che derivano dai processi convenzionali all’energia di 10⁵ GeV. I valori corrispondenti per la direzione verticale sono rispettivamente 10⁵ e 10⁴ GeV. Nella regione d’energia tra 0.3 e 3 GeV, il valore atteso ottenuto per il rapporto tra l’intensità dei neutrini elettronici e quella dei neutrini muonici è 0.42±0.08 e questo è in accordo eccellente con il valore sperimentale 0.36±0.13 del gruppo NUSEX.

---

Ёнергетический спектр нейтрино космических лучей в атмосфере

Резюме Вычисляется Энергетический спектр нейтрино космических лучей в атмосфере для Энергий нейтрино от 0.2 ГЭВ до 10⁸ ГЭВ, учитывая р-р соударения, р-ядерные соударения, ядерно-ядерные соударения, Энергетический спектр первичных космических лучей, импульсный спектр и зарядовое отнощение мюонов космических лучей, измеренных с помошью МUTRON, и образование нейтрино в распадах очарованных частиц. Нащ результат для интенсивности нейтрино хорощо согласуется с результатом Осборна и др. для горизонтального направления, если их мюонный спектр является правильным, а также с результатом Волковой для вертикального направления, за исключением низких Энергий. Для горизонтального направления интенсивность мгновенных мюонных нейтрино превыщает интенсивность мюон-ных нейтрино из обычных процессов при Энергиях нейтрино 10⁶ ГЭВ. Йнтенсивность мгновенных Электронных нейтрино превыщает интенсивность Электронных нейтрино из обычных процессов при Энергии 10⁵ ГЭВ. Соответствуюшие величины для вертикального направления соответственно равны 10⁵ ГЭВ и ДО⁴ ГЭВ. В области Энергий от 0.3 ГЭВ до 3 ГЭВ ожидаемая величина отнощения интенсивностей Электронных нейтрино к интенсивности мюонных нейтрино составляет 0.42±0.08. Ёта величина прекрасно согласуется с Экспериментальным результатом 0.36±0.13, полученным группой

     

小型13C NMR谱图数据库

本文着重介绍用当前微机系统上流行的DBASEⅡ建立谱图数据库以及用BASIC语言进行结构检索的方法。检索系统能方便地提供用户收集、修正、查询、显示和打印谱图数据和分子结构图的功能。这种系统对建立专用的小型谱图数据库有实用价值。     

α及β位烷基取代的对氯桂皮酰另丁胺的NMR研究

文报道了N-(α-烷基取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)另丁胺、N-(β-烷基取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)另丁胺,及N-(a,β-双烷基取代-4-氯桂皮酰基)另丁胺的¹H NMR及¹³C NMR的研究。进而指定了这些化合物的构型。     

聚焦超声辐照在体兔肝的生物效应——组织化学变化

用强度为30W/cm²,频率为1.06MHz的连续聚焦超声直接辐照在体兔肝3min,辐照后分别于一天、三天、七天、一月和二月宰杀。把肝的照射区做成切片,包括ATPase、TPPase、NSEase、SDHase、糖元和一般结构的显示。观察中发现:（1）一些损伤的肝细胞内产生空化泡,使整个细胞膨大成球形,并压迫核移向细胞边缘,由于球形体相互之间接触面减小,因而各自游离;（2）重损伤区ATPase、TPPase、NSEase、SDHase的活性低落或消失,是细胞即将死亡的表现;（3）轻损伤区ATPase、NSEase、SDHase活性增强,认为是由于损伤刺激引起反馈的结果;（4）轻损伤区TPPase活性减弱,说明在此情况下,肝细胞仍有分泌胆汁的功能;（5）轻损伤区和重损伤区的肝糖元都消失。     

Scaling in soft hadroproduction by positive projectiles in the range of 32–147 GeV/c

The total hadron multiplicity and the multiplicity in the three-jet events ine ⁺ e ^?-annihilation are considered. The formula for the total multiplicity (with account for the heavy quark contribution) agrees well with experiment. The value of the multiplicity for three-jet events is predicted.     

Composition of particles emitted at largep T and medium angles inpp,dd, andαα collisions at the CERN intersecting storage rings

The relative yields of kaons and protons compared with the yield of pions at highp _T and polar angles θ away from 90° (in the range from 10° to 45°) are presented forpp, dd, and αα interactions at a centre-of-mass energy \(\sqrt {s_{NN} } = 31\) GeV per nucleon-nucleon collision. The measured particle ratios depend on the atomic mass numberA of the beam particles and on θ. TheA dependence of the ratios becomes stronger for largerp _T and is more pronounced at smaller polar angles.