Über die Reaktion von W3O mit lod. Darstellung,Kristallstruktur und Eigenschaften von WOI3

On the Reaction of W₃O with Iodine: Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Properties of WOI₃ The novel tungsten oxide iodide WOI₃ is obtained from the reaction of the metalrich tungsten oxide W₃O (also known as ‘β-tungsten’) with iodine in a sealed glass tube placed in a temperature gradient (440–400°C). In the low-temperature region WOI₃ is formed as mouse-grey intergrown needle-like crystals. WOI₃ crystallizes in the tetragonal NbOCl₃ structure type, space group P4₂/mnm, with a = 12.346(2), c = 3.765(1) Å (20°C). The crystal structure at – 130°C was determined from single-crystal diffractometer data (R = 0.023). Results of magnetic susceptibility and vibrational spectroscopic measurements are given together with the mass spectrum of WOI₃ obtained on heating.     

19.4%‐efficient large‐area fully screen‐printed silicon solar cells

We demonstrate industrially feasible large‐area solar cells with passivated homogeneous emitter and rear achieving energy conversion efficiencies of up to 19.4% on 125 × 125 mm² p‐type 2–3 Ω cm boron‐doped Czochralski silicon wafers. Front and rear metal contacts are fabricated by screen‐printing of silver and aluminum paste and firing in a conventional belt furnace. We implement two different dielectric rear surface passivation stacks: (i) a thermally grown silicon dioxide/silicon nitride stack and (ii) an atomic‐layer‐deposited aluminum oxide/silicon nitride stack. The dielectrics at the rear result in a decreased surface recombination velocity of S_rear = 70 cm/s and 80 cm/s, and an increased internal IR reflectance of up to 91% corresponding to an improved J_sc of up to 38.9 mA/cm² and V_oc of up to 664 mV. We observe an increase in cell efficiency of 0.8% absolute for the cells compared to 18.6% efficient reference solar cells featuring a full‐area aluminum back surface field. To our knowledge, the energy conversion efficiency of 19.4% is the best value reported so far for large area screen‐printed solar cells. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Die Beeinflussung des Kristallhabitus beim chemischen Transport

On the Influence of Chemical Transport on the Habit of Crystals The chemical transport of silicon with silicon tetrachloride as transporting agent leads to crystals with octahedral shape. On the other hand in the presence of adsorbable impurities the transported silicon crystallizes in the shape of long needles. Chemical transport reactions of tellurium are successful with iodine or sulphur. The presence of adsorbable transporting agents has considerable influence on the habit of crystals.     

Mehrphasige Finite Elemente in der Verformungs- und Versagensanalyse grob mehrphasiger Werkstoffe

Übersicht Zur Simulation des elastoplastischen Verformungsverhaltens und von Versagensprozessen in grob mehrphasigen Materialien verwenden wir die Methode der Mehrphasigen Finiten Elemente. Der Verzicht auf die ausschließliche Verwendung einphasiger Finiter Elemente gestattet die spannungs-/Dehnungsanalyse an komplizierten Realgefügen. Die vorgestellten Beispiele für Verformungs- und Versagensanalysen stellen die Leistungsfähigkeit der Methode der Mehrphasigen Finiten Elemente hinsichtlich Modellieraufwand, Konvergenz und Zuverlässigkeit der Resultate unter Beweis.

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Surprising coordination for plutonium in the first plutonium(III) borate

The first plutonium(III) borate, Pu(2)[B(12)O(18)(OH)(4)Br(2)(H(2)O)(3)]·0.5H(2)O, has been prepared by reacting plutonium(III) with molten boric acid under strictly anaerobic conditions. This compound contains a three-dimensional polyborate network with triangular holes that house the plutonium(III) sites. The plutonium sites in this compound are 9- and 10-coordinate and display atypical geometries.     

K(NpO2)3(H2O)Cl4: a channel structure assembled by two- and three-center cation-cation interactions of neptunyl cations

A Np(V) compound containing three-center cation-cation interations, K(NpO(2))(3)(H(2)O)Cl(4), has been prepared by reacting Np(V) with KCl in molten boric acid. This compound forms a three-dimensional channel structure that is constructed from both two- and three-center cation-cation interactions. Three new bonding modes for cation-cation interactions are added to the summary of all known Np(V) compounds.