小口径膛口射流噪声的数值模拟

为了研究小口径武器的膛口气动噪声特性,采用CFD-CAA耦合算法对7.62 mm枪的射流噪声场进行了数值模拟。由于膛口流场结构复杂,在目前的计算发展水平下还不足以采用CAA直接法,因而本文中采用混合方法,即首先采用CFD方法计算7.62 mm枪的膛口流场,然后利用所得结果,采用声学方程计算射流噪声,具体为膛口近场采用LES进行计算,远场声场采用FW-H声拟法计算。通过对比验证实验,验证了该计算方法的可行性。然后,对7.62 mm枪射流噪声进行了数值模拟,分析了噪声指向性,绘制了声压级云图。研究表明：在本文的计算条件下,射流噪声强度主要集中在近膛口区域;且射流最大噪声主要分布在与轴线方向成30°~60°范围内。

     

连续波多普勒引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应

为了研究雷电电磁脉冲场对连续波多普勒引信安全性能的影响,确定引信的能量耦合通道和效应规律,构建了引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照试验系统,并开展了该引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应试验。试验结果表明：受试引信最佳能量耦合姿态为引信竖直向上,弹体轴线与辐射场传播方向垂直,三角环天线平面垂直于辐射场传播方向; 主要能量耦合通道为弹体; 不同辐照波形下引信的临界干扰场强不同,在配用152 mm弹体时,1.2/50,5.4/70,0.25/100和10/350 s波形的临界干扰场强分别约为74,60,65和75 kV/m。雷电电磁脉冲对受试引信的作用机理为：辐射能量通过弹体耦合到执行电路输入端,由于感应信号脉冲宽度满足触发脉冲宽度的最低要求,从而推动引信执行电路误动作。     

基于嵌入式平台的猫眼效应目标实时探测系统研究

在安保工作中,为快速发现狙击手,构建了利用狙击镜的猫眼效应原理来发现目标的系统。该系统不同于传统的采用连续激光扫描视场,而采用可调制半导体激光器为探测光源,在调制信号的控制下照射视场,CCD接收相应的主被动回波图像。并根据目标距离不同所成图像特征不同的特点,提出了分别针对远近目标的识别算法,最终在嵌入式DSP高速处理平台上进行图像处理实现。外场实验结果表明,主被动图像相结合,且利用远近目标不同的识别算法,有效提高了探测率,降低了虚警率,系统准确探测到了300 m近目标和800 m远目标,并达到10 frames/s的实时处理速度。     

中能电子成像仪探头的设计

利用小孔成像原理对中能电子成像仪探头的机械结构进行了设计,为保证探头单元暴露于外辐射带辐射环境12年的总剂量小于5 krad,确定其壳体厚度为约3 mm的铜,探头的角分辨率为20;根据带电粒子在硅中的能量损失规律对探测器进行了防质子污染设计,确定了探测器厚度为1000 m,其屏蔽层厚度为10 m等效硅。最后对设计探头的质子污染率进行了计算,结果表明该中能电子成像仪探头的设计满足外辐射带空间中能电子探测的需求,为中能电子成像仪的研制奠定了基础。     

“聚龙一号”装置上磁驱动铝飞片实验的数值模拟

采用二维磁驱动数值模拟程序MDSC2,对大电流脉冲装置聚龙一号上的151发次磁驱动370 m厚铝飞片实验、164发次磁驱动330 m厚铝飞片实验进行了数值模拟和分析。数值模拟表明：370 m厚铝飞片和330 m厚铝飞片的磁驱动过程中, VISAR测量的速度不是飞片自由面的速度,而是飞片中邻近自由面最近的固体反射面的速度。这是由于磁驱动飞片发射过程中,飞片自由面部分被烧蚀,密度低于固体密度状态,而飞片自由面和加载面中间的飞片还保持固体密度状态。VISAR测量的激光将穿过自由面的低于固体密度状态的飞片部分,到达飞片自由面最近的固体密度位置再反射回去,获得这一位置的飞片速度。数值模拟的飞片固体反射面速度历史和VISAR测量的速度历史相吻合。     

基于正交超声驻波场的粒子运动建模和控制

为了获得具有均匀的倒金字塔表面微结构的多晶硅,提出了一种新腐蚀加工方法。通过建立一个相互正交的超声驻波场,来协助硅的化学侵蚀并改善其对光的吸收能力。首先对硅片表面结构进行一些比较,在二维上建立网格状的数学模型。然后建立网格中粒子运动的控制理论模型,并进行仿真验证。最后设计实验用于检验超声驻波对粒子的运动控制效果。多晶硅侵蚀结果说明将超声驻波应用在网格化微加工上是可行、可靠的。     

基于统计特性的激光雷达距离像噪声抑制算法

激光成像雷达在工作时会受到噪声干扰,因此需要滤除距离像中无法反映真实信息的异常点。根据激光成像雷达距离像噪声的分布,推导出距离像中非异常值的分布特性,并提出了一种距离像异常值的判定条件。将判定条件表示为小范围内抽样分布的函数,利用稳健统计中的中位值法可估算出判定条件的取值,从而可以移除异常点得到噪声抑制后的距离像。利用该算法分别对激光雷达距离像进行仿真和实际获得的激光雷达距离像进行处理并进行数学分析,并与中值滤波进行了比较,结果表明基于统计特性的噪声抑制算法同时具有很强的噪声抑制能力和保护目标细节信息能力,可以满足激光成像雷达距离像噪声抑制的要求。算法充分利用了激光成像雷达较高的测距精度,可以应对多种场景下的需求,具有很强的实用性。     

Designed Syntheses of Three {Ni6PW9}-Based Polyoxometalates,from Isolated Cluster to Cluster-Organic Helical Chain

Three new hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin-type polyoxometalates (POMs), [Ni₆(OH)₃- (DACH)₃(H₂O)₆(PW₉O₃₄)]·31H₂O (1), [Ni(DACH)₂][Ni₆(OH)₃(DACH)₃(HMIP)₂(H₂O)₂(PW₉O₃₄)]·56 H₂O (2), and [Ni(DACH)₂][Ni₆(OH)₃(DACH)₂(AP)(H₂O)₅(PW₉O₃₄)]·2H₂O (3) (DACH = 1,2-Diami- nocyclohexane, MIP = 5-Methylisophthalate, AP = Adipate) were successfully made in the presence of DACH under hydrothermal conditions. 1 is an isolated hexa-Ni-substituted Keggin unit decorated by DACH. In order to further construct POM cluster-organic frameworks (POMCOFs) on the basis of 1, by analyzing the steric hindrances and orientations of the POM units, the rigid HMIP and flexible AP ligands were successively incorporated, and another anionic monomeric POM 2 and the new 1D POM cluster organic chain (POMCOC) 3 were obtained. HMIP ligand still acts as a decorating group on the Ni₆ core of 2 but results in the different spatial arrangement of the {Ni₆PW₉} units. AP ligands in 3 successfully bridge adjacent isolated POM cluster units to 1D POMCOC with left-hand helices. The AP in 3 is the longest aliphatic carboxylic acid ligand in POMs, and the 1D POM cluster-AP helical chain represents the first 1D POMCOC with a helical feature.     

Spider Silk-Improved Quartz-Enhanced Conductance Spectroscopy for Medical Mask Humidity Sensing

Spider silk is one of the hottest biomaterials researched currently, due to its excellent mechanical properties. This work reports a novel humidity sensing platform based on a spider silk-modified quartz tuning fork (SSM-QTF). Since spider silk is a kind of natural moisture-sensitive material, it does not demand additional sensitization. Quartz-enhanced conductance spectroscopy (QECS) was combined with the SSM-QTF to access humidity sensing sensitively. The results indicate that the resonance frequency of the SSM-QTF decreased monotonously with the ambient humidity. The detection sensitivity of the proposed SSM-QTF sensor was 12.7 ppm at 1 min. The SSM-QTF sensor showed good linearity of ~0.99. Using this sensor, we successfully measured the humidity of disposable medical masks for different periods of wearing time. The results showed that even a 20 min wearing time can lead to a >70% humidity in the mask enclosed space. It is suggested that a disposable medical mask should be changed <2 h.     

Vanadium-Substituted Dawson-Type Polyoxometalate–TiO2 Nanowire Composite Film as Advanced Cathode Material for Bifunctional Electrochromic Energy-Storage Devices

Polyoxometalates (POMs) demonstrate potential for application in the development of integrated smart energy devices based on bifunctional electrochromic (EC) optical modulation and electrochemical energy storage. Herein, a nanocomposite thin film composed of a vanadium-substituted Dawson-type POM, i.e., K₇[P₂W₁₇VO₆₂]·18H₂O, and TiO₂ nanowires were constructed via the combination of hydrothermal and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods. Through scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy characterisations, it was found that the TiO₂ nanowire substrate acts as a skeleton to adsorb POM nanoparticles, thereby avoiding the aggregation or stacking of POM particles. The unique three-dimensional core−shell structures of these nanocomposites with high specific surface areas increases the number of active sites during the reaction process and shortens the ion diffusion pathway, thereby improving the electrochemical activities and electrical conductivities. Compared with pure POM thin films, the composite films showed improved EC properties with a significant optical contrast (38.32% at 580 nm), a short response time (1.65 and 1.64 s for colouring and bleaching, respectively), an excellent colouration efficiency (116.5 cm² C⁻¹), and satisfactory energy-storage properties (volumetric capacitance = 297.1 F cm⁻³ at 0.2 mA cm⁻²). Finally, a solid-state electrochromic energy-storage (EES) device was fabricated using the composite film as the cathode. After charging, the constructed device was able to light up a single light-emitting diode for 20 s. These results highlight the promising features of POM-based EES devices and demonstrate their potential for use in a wide range of applications, such as smart windows, military camouflage, sensors, and intelligent systems.