PSMA@Ag复合微球的制备及其在MALDI-MS分析小分子化合物中的应用研究

基质辅助激光解吸电离质谱(MALDI-MS)作为一种有力的分析手段,在生物分子分析中有着广泛的应用,但很难应用于分子量小于500的待测物的分析。该文利用聚多巴胺修饰还原法制备了核壳结构的聚苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物@银纳米壳层(PSMA@Ag)复合微球。采用傅立叶红外光谱法验证了聚多巴胺(PDA)的成功修饰。结合扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)分析结果,发现Ag纳米壳层成功地包覆在PSMA微球的表面。将制备的PSMA@Ag复合微球作为辅助基质直接应用于MALDI-MS,成功地从0.5μL待测物样品中检测到2 pmol脯氨酸(M_w=115)和1 pmol丝氨酸(M_w=105)。研究结果证明PSMA@Ag微球对MALDI的离子化过程有促进作用,为解决MALDI-MS在分析小分子待测物时背景噪声过大,信号无法分辨的问题提供了一个有效途径。     

Supramolecular Phthalocyanine Assemblies for Improved Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy

Phototheranostic nanoplatforms are of particular interest for cancer diagnosis and imaging‐guided therapy. Herein, we develop a supramolecular approach to fabricate a nanostructured phototheranostic agent through the direct self‐assembly of two water‐soluble phthalocyanine derivatives, PcS4 and PcN4. The nature of the molecular recognition between PcS4 and PcN4 facilitates the formation of nanostructure (PcS4‐PcN4) and consequently enables the fabrication of PcS4‐PcN4 with completely quenched fluorescence and reduced singlet oxygen generation, leading to the high photoacoustic and photothermal activity of PcS4‐PcN4. In vivo evaluations suggest that PcS4‐PcN4 could not only efficiently visualize a tumor with high contrast through whole‐body photoacoustic imaging but also enable excellent photothermal therapy for cancer.     

介孔炭负载铁基催化剂上醇与胺氧化偶合合成亚胺

亚胺是一类重要的含氮有机化合物,广泛应用于生物医药、精细化工和农业生产中.由于其分子中具有不饱和C=N双键,亚胺化合物可以通过不同化学过程(如氧化还原、加成、偶合等)合成多种衍生物.工业上合成亚胺普遍采用羰基化合物与胺偶合反应获得,由于该反应需要强酸作为催化剂和脱水剂,在应用中往往对设备造成不同程度的破坏.选择氧气或空气为氧化剂,通过醇与胺氧化偶合反应合成亚胺,其副产物只有水,是一条较为绿色的合成路线.近期研究表明,均相和负载型贵金属催化剂(如Pd,Pt和Au等)在该反应中表现出较好的低温催化性能,但需要在反应过程中添加大量碱性助剂.一些非贵金属氧化物催化剂如CeO2和MnOx/HAP等在该过程中表现出一定的催化活性,但其催化效率普遍较低,往往需要在24 h甚至更长反应时间实现～90％亚胺收率.因此仍需开发一些更为高效的非贵金属催化剂用于上述反应.本文以经过硝酸活化处理的有序多孔炭(CMK-3)为载体,制备了负载型氧化铁催化剂(FeOx/HCMK-3),考察了它在苯甲醇与苯胺氧化偶合合成亚胺反应中的催化性能,同时结合一系列表征手段研究了催化剂物理化学性质与其催化性能之间的关系.X射线衍射和氮吸附脱附结果显示,负载后的样品仍然保持了介孔炭原有的孔道结构,没有出现较大的氧化铁粒子;透射电镜、高角暗场扫描透射电镜及能量散射谱结果进一步显示,氧化铁物种相对均匀地分散在载体表面;程序升温还原结果显示,与块体氧化铁相比,FeOx/HCMK-3上的氧化铁物种(FeOx)更易被还原,这可能与氧化铁粒子较小有关.反应结果显示,在空气氛围中FeOx/HCMK-3能够高效催化醇与胺的氧化偶合反应,反应6h亚胺收率即达到98.8％.催化剂具有较高的稳定性,可多次循环使用,没有检测到铁物种流失.此外,FeOx/HCMK-3在多种苯甲醇衍生物与苯胺的氧化偶合反应中都表现出较好的催化性能.结合表征和反应结果可以推测,催化剂上的氧物种参与了反应过程,FeOx/HCMK-3催化剂具有较强的活化氧分子的能力,反应在该催化剂上可能遵循氧化-还原机理.该催化剂上醇与胺氧化偶合反应主要经历两个连续的反应过程:首先苯甲醇被FeOx/HCMK-3催化剂上的活泼氧物种氧化生成苯甲醛中间体;随后,在反应中生成的醛在催化剂上迅速与胺反应生成亚胺化合物,同时催化剂通过与空气中氧分子反应恢复到初始状态,完成整个催化循环.     

关于凝固点和凝固点降低

对水的凝固点、三相点、标准凝固点和正常凝固点概念及其图示进行了辨析。     

Transparent and flame retardant cellulose/aluminum hydroxide nanocomposite aerogels

Cellulose-based nanocomposite aerogels were prepared by incorporation of aluminum hydroxide (AH) nanoparticles into cellulose gels via in-situ sol-gel synthesis and following supercritical CO₂ drying. The structure and properties of cellulose/AH nanocomposite aerogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, N₂ adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and micro-scale combustion calorimetry. The results indicated that the AH nanoparticles were homogeneously distributed within matrix, and the presence of AH nanoparticles did not affect the homogeneous nanoporous structure and morphology of regenerated cellulose aerogels prepared from 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride solution. The resultant nanocomposite aerogels exhibited good transparency and excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, the incorporation of AH was found to significantly decrease the flammability of cellulose aerogels. Therefore, this work provides a facile method to prepare transparent and flame retardant cellulose-based nanocomposite aerogels, which may have great potential in the application of building materials.     

Enzyme‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Transformation of α‐Allenic Alcohols into 2,3‐Dihydrofurans

An efficient one‐pot method for the enzyme‐ and ruthenium‐catalyzed enantioselective transformation of α‐allenic alcohols into 2,3‐dihydrofurans has been developed. The method involves an enzymatic kinetic resolution and a subsequent ruthenium‐catalyzed cycloisomerization, which provides 2,3‐dihydrofurans with excellent enantioselectivity (up to >99 % ee). A ruthenium carbene species was proposed as a key intermediate in the cycloisomerization.     

Synthesis,Structures, and Fluorescent Properties of Three Cobalt‐Based Coordination Polymers with a Rigid Tripodal Carboxylate Ligand

Three cobalt(II) coordination polymers, [Co₂(tatb)₂(2,2′‐bipy)₂ (H₂O)₂ · DMA · 2H₂O] ( 1 ), [Co₂(tatb)₂(1,10‐phen)₂(H₂O)₂ · 2H₂O] ( 2 ) and [Co(tatb)(1,3‐dpp) · H₂O] ( 3 ) (H₃tatb = 4,4′,4′′‐(1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐triyl)tribenzoic acid; 2,2′‐bipy = 2,2′‐bipyridyl; 1,10‐phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline; 1,3‐dpp = 1,3‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)propane), were synthesized solvothermally and characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), as well as IR spectroscopy. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit 1D double‐chain structures, which further connect into interesting 3D networks by hydrogen bond and strong π–π interactions. Complex 3 possesses 2D 4⁴‐sql topology, which is packed parallel in an AA fashion. Moreover, thermal stability properties and photoluminescence properties of 1 , 2 and 3 were also investigated.     

基于4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑和多金属氧酸盐为杂化配体的CuⅡ和CuⅠ配合物的水热合成及光催化性能

在水热条件下,制备了2个基于多金属氧酸盐（POM）的Cu^Ⅱ和Cu^Ⅰ新型杂化配合物材料,即[Cu₂（4-NH₂-trz）₄（Mo₈O₂₆）（H₂O）₄]·5H₂O（1）和[Cu₄（4-NH₂-trz）₄Mo₈O₂₆]（2）（4-NH₂-trz=4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑）。通过单晶X射线衍射、傅里叶变换红外光谱和粉末X射线衍射分析确定了它们的结构。在配合物1中,4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑双齿配体连接2个相邻的Cu^Ⅱ中心形成双核结构单元,这些双核结构单元进一步通过Mo₈O₂₆^4-连接形成一维（1D）的杂化配位结构。在配合物2中,4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑双齿配体连接相邻Cu^Ⅰ中心构筑了独特的[Cu₄（4-NH₂-trz）₄]_n一维螺旋链,这些左手和右手的一维螺旋链再通过（β-Mo₈O₂₆）^4-连接形成2D杂化骨架。光催化实验研究表明,样品1和样品2对于不同有机染料（亚甲基蓝（MB）、罗丹明B（RhB）和甲基橙（MO））具有很好的光催化降解能力。     

Microwave-hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic properties of biomass charcoal/TiO2 nanocomposites

Biomass charcoal-doped titanium dioxide (C/TiO₂) composites were proposed by microwave-hydrothermal and calcination method using tetrabutyl titanate as the titanium source and lignin as the carbon source. TiO₂ crystals with different morphologies could be successfully adsorbed onto the surface of biomass charcoal. These products were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), UV–vis diffuser flection spectroscopy (UV–vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). The photocatalytic activities of the as-obtained composites were checked under visible light irradiation. The results showed that both the microwave-hydrothermal temperature and time played an important role in the microstructure and photocatalytic activity of the samples. The rapid microwave-hydrothermal with the thermal post-treatment provides a promising route for the fabrication of biomass charcoal-doped nanocomposites materials.     

低共熔溶剂中新型螺环吲哚衍生物的绿色合成

在低共熔溶剂氯化胆碱/草酸催化作用下,由醛、吲哚和6,10-二氧杂螺[4.5]十烷-7,9-二酮三组分多米诺Knoevenagel-Michael反应合成了一系列新型螺环吲哚衍生物,产率为70%~97%.该方法条件温和,操作简单,反应时间短,对环境友好等优点,且催化剂廉价易得.