全文获取类型
收费全文 | 334篇 |
免费 | 0篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 193篇 |
晶体学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 37篇 |
物理学 | 101篇 |
出版年
2013年 | 7篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 3篇 |
2010年 | 9篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 15篇 |
2007年 | 17篇 |
2006年 | 22篇 |
2005年 | 9篇 |
2004年 | 14篇 |
2003年 | 12篇 |
2002年 | 8篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 8篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1918年 | 6篇 |
1916年 | 5篇 |
1915年 | 3篇 |
1912年 | 4篇 |
1910年 | 3篇 |
1909年 | 2篇 |
1908年 | 4篇 |
1907年 | 4篇 |
1906年 | 3篇 |
1905年 | 6篇 |
1904年 | 3篇 |
1903年 | 6篇 |
1902年 | 4篇 |
1901年 | 8篇 |
1900年 | 4篇 |
1897年 | 6篇 |
1895年 | 2篇 |
1893年 | 3篇 |
1892年 | 2篇 |
1890年 | 2篇 |
1883年 | 2篇 |
1882年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有334条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
81.
Interstitial N diffusion under low energy (approximately 700 eV) Ar+ bombardment at 673 K in ion beam nitrided austenitic stainless steel is investigated. Ar+ ion bombardment increases the N mobility in depths far beyond the ion penetration depth, resulting in an increased broadening of the N depth profile as a function of Ar+ flux. This effect cannot be explained by any established mechanism of radiation-enhanced diffusion. An explanation based on quasiparticle-enhanced mobility is proposed. 相似文献
82.
A classical result states that every lower bounded superharmonic function on ${\mathbb{R}^{2}}$ is constant. In this paper the following (stronger) one-circle version is proven. If ${f : \mathbb{R}^{2} \to (-\infty,\infty]}$ is lower semicontinuous, lim inf|x|→∞ f (x)/ ln |x| ≥ 0, and, for every ${x \in \mathbb{R}^{2}}$ , ${1/(2\pi) \int_0^{2\pi} f(x + r(x)e^{it}) \, dt \le f(x)}$ , where ${r : \mathbb{R}^{2} \to (0,\infty)}$ is continuous, ${{\rm sup}_{x \in \mathbb{R}^{2}} (r(x) - |x|) < \infty},$ , and ${{\rm inf}_{x \in \mathbb{R}^{2}} (r(x)-|x|)=-\infty}$ , then f is constant. Moreover, it is shown that, assuming r ≤ c| · | + M on ${\mathbb{R}^d}$ , d ≤ 2, and taking averages on ${\{y \in \mathbb{R}^{d} : |y-x| \le r(x)\}}$ , such a result of Liouville type holds for supermedian functions if and only if c ≤ c 0, where c 0 = 1, if d = 2, whereas 2.50 < c 0 < 2.51, if d = 1. 相似文献
83.
Wolfhard Hansen 《Potential Analysis》2017,46(1):167-180
We study darning of compact sets (darning and gluing of finite unions of compact sets), which are not thin at any of their points, in a potential-theoretic framework which may be described, analytically, in terms of harmonic kernels/harmonic functions or, probabilistically, in terms of a diffusion. This is accomplished without leaving our kind of setting so that the procedure can be iterated without any problem. It applies to darning and gluing of compacts in Euclidean spaces (manifolds) of different dimensions, which is of interest pertaining to recent studies on heat kernels. 相似文献
84.
We study iterations of integral kernels satisfying a transience-type condition and we prove exponential estimates analogous to Gronwall’s inequality. As a consequence we obtain estimates of Schrödinger perturbations of integral kernels, including Markovian semigroups. 相似文献
85.
Wolfhard Kliem Christian Pommer 《Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Physik (ZAMP)》2009,2(4):785-795
This paper deals with gyroscopic stabilization of the unstable system Mẍ + Dẋ + Kx = 0, with positive definite mass and stiffness matrices M and K, respectively, and an indefinite damping matrix D. The main question is for which skew-symmetric matrices G the system Mẍ + (D + G)ẋ + Kx = 0 can become stable? After investigating special cases we find an appropriate solution of the Lyapunov matrix equation
for the general case. Examples show the deviation of the stability limit found by the Lyapunov method from the exact value.
相似文献
86.
M. Sigrist S. Gustavsson T. Ihn K. Ensslin D. Driscoll A. Gossard M. Reinwald W. Wegscheider 《Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures》2006,32(1-2):5
Few-electron quantum dots with integrated charge read-out have been fabricated by layered local anodic oxidation of a Ga[Al]As heterostructure and a thin Titanium top gate. The additional set of gates provided by the metallic film is used to tune the quantum dots into the few-electron regime. Current through the quantum dots and the quantum dot charge have been simultaneously measured for electron numbers varying between zero and two. The singlet–triplet splitting varies in two different samples between 0.5 and 1.5 meV. The Zeeman splitting of the first conductance resonance is observed in parallel magnetic field. The high tunability and straightforward implementation of these structures are promising for future nanostructure design. 相似文献
87.
Gottfried Bauer Wolfhard Wegscheider Kurt Müller Hugo M. Ortner 《Mikrochimica acta》1989,99(3-6):399-412
A method for the separation and preconcentration of traces of phosphorus from tungsten was developed. Solid phase extraction of the phosphovanadomolybdate complex performed on a micro-column was applied. Phosphorus was determined by optical emission spectroscopy (OES) with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) excitation. A limit of detection of 0.4 g/g P with respect to the solid phase is obtained. By directly coupling the extraction/elution step to the ICP instrument a detection limit of 0.06 g/g P in W was achieved. Besides, the complexity of spectral evaluation in ICP-OES determinations of traces in spectralline-rich matrices is discussed.Presented in part at the 1989 European Winter Conference on Plasma Spectrochemistry, Reutte, Austria 相似文献
88.
Markus Peter Zink Hans Richard Wolf Ernst Peter Müller Wolfhard Bernd Schweizer Oskar Jeger 《Helvetica chimica acta》1976,59(1):32-75
Compounds of the 3,4-dihydro-ionone series as models for the photochemistry of γ, δ- and δ,?- unsaturated ketones and aldehydes . The photochemistry of γ, δ- and δ,?-unsaturated carbonyl compounds of the dihydro-ionone series has been studied, with special attention to the investigation of oxetane formation versus hydrogen abstraction. UV.-irradiation of the dihydro-β-ionone compounds with structure A ( 1 , 7 , 14 , 18 , 24 , 29 ) led to isomeric ethers with structures B ( 2 , 8 , 15 , 19 , 25 , 30 ), C ( 3 , 9 , 16 , 20 , 26 , 31 ) and D ( 4 , 21 , 27 ), isomeric bicyclic alcohols with structure E ( 5 , 10 , 17 , 22 , 28 ), and photoreduction products with structure F ( 6 , 11 , 12 , 13 ). Photolysis of dihydro-γ-ionone ( 32 ) gave a complex mixture containing fragmentation product 35 , hydrocarbon 36 , β-ambrinol ( 34 ), oxetane 33 , as well as dihydro-β-ionone ( 1 ) and three of its photoproducts ( 2 , 3 , 5 ). The dihydro-α-ionone compounds 37 and 40 gave mixtures of fragmentation products and the oxetanes 38 and 41 . Irradiation of the side-chain homologues 42 and 45 yielded 43 , which photo-cyclizes to 44 . In contrast, 3 , 4 -dihydro-3′,4′-dehydro-β-ionone ( 46 ) gave merely the isomeric open-chain triene-ketone 47 . The structures assigned to the ethers 2 , 3 , 33 , 38 and to the alcohols 5 , 10 , 13 could be confirmed by chemical reactions and mutual interconversions. The structure of the ether 21 had to be established by X-ray analysis, details of which are described. A novel intramolecular hydrogen transfer is involved in formation of ethers B . The photocyclization A → D probably proceeds by addition of the carbonyl-C atom to the double bond ( A → h ), followed by methyl (1 → 2)-shift ( h → i ). Process A → h may also be involved in formation of compounds of type C and E . 相似文献
89.
Maria Belli Stephen L. R. Ellison Ales Fajgelj Ilya Kuselman Umberto Sansone Wolfhard Wegscheider 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2007,12(8):391-398
A metrological background for the selection and use of proficiency testing (PT) schemes for a limited number N of laboratories-participants (less than 20–30) is discussed. The following basic scenarios are taken into account: (1) adequate
matrix certified reference materials (CRM) or in-house reference materials (IHRM) with traceable property values are available
for PT use as test items; (2) no appropriate matrix CRM is available, but a CRM or IHRM with traceable property values can
be applied as a spike or similar; (3) only an IHRM with limited traceability is available. The discussion also considers the
effect of a limited population of PT participants N
p on statistical assessment of the PT results for a given sample of N responses from this population. When N
p is finite and the sample fraction N/N
p is not negligible, a correction to the statistical parameters may be necessary. Scores suitable for laboratory performance
assessment in such PT schemes are compared.
Presented at the 3rd International Conference on Metrology, November 2006, Tel Aviv, Israel. 相似文献
90.