A new route to achiral and chiral 1,2-bis(phosphino)ethanes, 1-arsino-2-phosphinoethanes, and 1,3-bis(phosphino)propanes and the molecular structure and catalytic activity of some rhodium(I) complexes derived thereof

A series of unsymmetrical 1,2-bis(phosphino)ethanes R(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PR'(2) and 1-arsino-2-phosphinoethanes R(2)AsCH(2)CH(2)PR'(2) mainly with bulky substituents R and R' were prepared from the cyclic sulfate by stepwise cleavage of the carbon-oxygen bonds by LiPR(2) and LiPR'(2) or LiAsR(2) and LiPR'(2), respectively. Analogously, racemic mixtures of R(2)PCH(2)CH(Me)PPh(2)(R =iPr, Cy ) as well as the enantiomers (R)-, (R)- and (R)-tBu(2)PCH(2)CH(Me)PPh(2)(R)- were obtained from the corresponding unsymmetrical cyclic sulfates and (S)-. On a similar route, the racemates of the 1,3-bis(phosphino)propanes R(2)PCH(2)CH(2)CH(Me)PPh(2)(R =iPr, tBu ), optically pure (R)- and (S,S)-iPr(2)PCH(Me)CH(2)CH(Me)PPh(2)(S,S)- were prepared. The reaction of [[RhCl([small eta](4)-C(8)H(12))](2)] with chelating ligands L-L, where L-L is R(2)PCH(2)P(men)(2)(R =iPr, Ph; men =(1S,2R,5S)-menthyl), Cy(2)AsCH(2)P(men)(2), or (R)-, (R)-, (R)-, (R)- and (S,S)-, in the presence of AgPF(6), gave the complexes [Rh(eta(4)-C(8)H(12))(L-L)]PF(6) which were used as pre-catalysts in the hydrogenation of the methyl ester of alpha-acetamidocinnamic acid (ACM). Depending on L-L, the solvent, the temperature and the pressure of H(2), optical yields of up to 69% ee were achieved. For two of the rhodium complexes, and, the molecular structures were determined by X-ray crystallography.     

Synthesis and properties of niobia films derived from niobium pentaethoxide

The hydrolysis of niobium pentaethoxide precursor in the presence of triethylamine (TEA) is discussed. Three precursors with TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratios of 0.25, 0.4 and 0.8 were prepared. Niobia colloids with different appearance were obtained after autoclaving the above precursors at 250°C during 12 h. The surface roughness and microstructure of niobia films prepared with the colloids by spread coating method are strongly dependent on the TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratio. At a value of 0.4 TEA/Nb(OEt)₅ mole ratio, a niobia film with large surface roughness can be achieved. It is opaque and mechanically stable and has differently ordered needle microstructure. The crystalline structure and photoelectrochemical property of niobia film with the largest surface roughness were examined. The effect of CO₂ gas bubbling, reflux and addition of 2-methoxyethanol on the hydrolysis of Nb(OEt)₅ and the nature of the Nb₂O₅ films is also discussed.     

Global activities in the world of reference materials including the needs of developing countries

Proceedings of previous BERM meetings have been used to assess emerging trends in the development of RMs to meet AQC requirements of clinical, food, nutrition, and environmental health areas. BRM-1 reflected a strong need to initiate and expand RM activities for certifying organic nutrients in foods. BRM-2 highlighted the distinction between primary (certified) and secondary (e.g. check samples for proficiency testing) RMs¹. BRM-3 identified the need for producing different levels of an analyte in a given matrix (spiked standards) to address matrix related measurement problems in foods. BERM-4 highlighted the need for a global vision in dealing with standards, illustrated by the activities of GESREM. Also, the logistics required for setting up intercomparison programs related to food safety monitoring programs were outlined. BERM-5 presented the changing outlook of the AOAC International in recognizing the usefulness of incorporating RMs for use in conjunction with their methods validation protocol. BERM-6 brought to the forefront the concern for traceability of chemical measurements to internationally recognized standards. BERM-7 recognized the need for multidisciplinary approaches for preparing certain types of CRMs, partly in response to the measurement needs arising from governmental regulations dealing with food safety and environmental health criteria. Finally, BERM symposia have promoted a meaningful dialogue on the RM needs of African, Asian and South American countries and provided the developing countries opportunities to discuss their problems with the international analytical community. The issue of health safety is involved in movement of foodstuffs between countries, and therefore, international efforts as voiced by the World Health Organization to provide guidance and assistance in AQC matters to the needy countries deserve consideration.     

Thermochemical Investigations of Calcium Carbonate Phase Transitions I. Thermal activated vaterite—calcite transition

The vaterite—calcite transition above 630 K has been studied by isothermal and non-isothermal differential scanning calorimetry. Vaterite samples prepared under different conditions were investigated. The transition temperature is strongly dependent on the sample preparation. The observed transition enthalpy H_tr is nearly equal for different samples and experimental conditions. From 28 measurements a value of H_tr–(3.12±0.11) kJ mol^–1 was obtained. The activation energy for the polymorphic transition was calculated from the Arrhenius plot and by use of isoconversional methods, as a function of the degree of conversion. The influence of the kinetic model distortion and experimental uncertainties on the obtained data was discussed. The actual value of the activation energy was assessed at E_a=(250±10) kJ mol^–1 for nearly all examined samples. Functions, corresponded to the model mechanism of nuclei formation and growth, provide the unambiguous consideration of the transition kinetic for the investigated vaterite samples. Differences in the dynamic behaviour of several samples at the transition are established.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Notiz über Li2PdO2

Note on Li₂PdO₂ For the first time we prepared ruby-red single crystals of Li₂PdO₂ by reaction with the wall 3 Na₂O + Li₂O₂ + ?Tb₄O₇”?(+ Pd) = 3 Na₂TbO₃ + Li₂PdO₂ + ?TbO₂”?, Pd-tube, 1100°C, 7 d. Single crystal data confirm the Li₂CuO₂-type of structure [a = 375.34(5), b = 298.18(4), c = 931.58(10) pm; spacegroup Immm; d_x = 4.85 g · cm^?3; 144 I₀(hkl); R = 3.54%, Rw = 3.19%; MoKα ; four-circle diffractometer Philips PW 1100] and reveal clearly different parameters compared with those deduced by powder data. The Madelung Part of Lattice Energy, MAPLE, corresponds now to the sum of the MAPLE values of the binary oxides.     

Carbonyl‐Komplexe von Chrom,Molybdän und Wolfram mit Isocyanacetat. Reaktionen am koordinierten Isocyanacetat. Stabilisierung von Isocyanessigsäure und Isocyanacetylchlorid am Metall. Isocyanopeptide [1]

Carbonyl Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum and Tungsten with Isocyano Acetate. Reactions of Coordinated Isocyanoacetate. Stabilization of Isocyanoacetic Acid and Isocyanoacetyl Chloride at the Metal Atom. Isocyanopeptides The reactions of [(OC)₅MCNCH₂CO₂Et] (M = Cr, W) with Na[N(SiMe₃)₂] or with KOH afford the isocyanoacetate complexes [(OC)₅MCNCH₂CO₂]^? ( 1,2 ). Similarly, the complex [(OC)₃Mo(CNCH₂CO₂^?Li⁺)₃] ( 4 ) was obtained from [(OC)₃Mo(CNCH₂CO₂Et)₃] ( 3 ) and LiOH. Protonation of 1 and 2 affords the sublimable isocyanoacetic acid complexes [(OC)₅MCNCH₂CO₂H] ( 5 , 6 ; M = Cr, W) in which the functional isocyanide is stabilized at the metal atom. Reactions of [(OC)₅WCNCH₂CO₂^?K⁺] and of [(OC)₃Mo(CNCH₂CO₂^?Li⁺)₃] with oxalyl dichloride give the isocyanoacetyl chloride compounds [(OC)₅WCNCH₂COCl] ( 9 ) (sublimable) and [(OC)₃Mo(CNCH₂COCl)₃] ( 10 ); the latter ( 10 ) was not isolated. Complexes 9 and 10 were reacted in situ with β‐alanine, glycine, phenylalanine and methionine esters as well as the peptide esters GlyGlyOEt, PhePheOMe, Phe‐β‐AlaOMe, and GlyGlyGlyOMe to form the isocyanoacetyl amino acid esters ( 11 ‐ 14 ) and the isocyanoacetyl peptide esters ( 15 ‐ 18 ) which are stabilized at the molybdenum atom.     

Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 177. Mitteilung. Avilamycin C

From cultures of the Avilamycin (Avilamycin A) producing organism, Streptomyces viridochromogenes, strain ETH 23575, a second antibiotic, Avilamycin C, C₆₁H₉₀Cl₂O₃₂ could be isolated in crystalline form. Both Avilamycins belong to the group of the Orthosomycins. By IR., ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. spectroscopy and by transformation to a common derivative it could be proven that Avilamycin A is a methyl ketone, Avilamycin C the corresponding methyl carbinol.     

Ueber die Titration der Schwefels?ure mit Benzidinchlorhydrat

Zusammenfassung In Vorstehendem wurde zunächst die Ausführung der von einem von uns ausgearbeiteten Schwefelsäuretitration mittelst Benzidinchlorhydrats nochmals genau beschrieben, sodann wurden die Bedingungen festgestellt, unter denen verschiedene Schwefelsäuremengen am genauesten zu bestimmen waren. Es hat sich dabei herausgestellt, dass die Schwefelsäure bis zu 0,01g H₂SO₄ herunter nach der beshriebenen Methode auf 1–2 genau bestimmt werden kann. Die Anwendung der Methode auf verschiedene Fälle (Ammoniumsulfat, Alaun, Zinksulfat-heptahydrat, Mohr'sches Salz, Mangansulfat-tetrahydrat), wobei die Metalle in einigen Fällen vorher ausgefällt wurden, bestätigten die zuvor festgestellten Regeln; ausserdem wurde gezeigt, dass beim Ausfällen von Zink, Eisen und Mangan nach dem angegebenen Verfahren Schwefelsäure nicht mitgerissen wird. Die Zeit, welche eine derartige Bestimmung, auch wenn die beschriebenen Ausfällungen vorgenommen werden müssen, bei einiger Uebung erfordert, ist sehr kurz, weil alles Auswaschen und so weiter in Fortfall kommt, so dass auch hier ein Vortheil gegenüber dem gewichtsanalytischen Verfahren vorhanden ist.     

Synthesen von Xyluron- und Riburonsäurederivaten

Zusammenfassung Durch acylierende Dehydratisierung von 1,2-Isopropyliden-d-xylo-und-d-ribo-pentodialdo-furanoseoxim bzw. aus Furanuronsäureestern und-amiden werden über eine Reihe von Zwischenstufen verschiedene 3-O-Acyl-pentofuranuronsäurenitrile synthetisiert und deren Reaktionen untersucht.

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Synthesis of xyluronic and riburonic acid derivatives

Various 3-O-acyl-pentofuranurononitrils were synthesized by acylating dehydration of 1,2-isopropylidene-d-xylo- andd-ribo-pentodialdo-furanose oximes, or pentofuranuronic acids via intermediates. Their reactions were investigated.

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Mit 1 Abbildung

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Aus den DissertationenH. W. Oberwalder (1970) undE. Wildschek (1967), Technische Hochschule in Graz.     

Über die Herstellung von Äther der enantio-14, 15-Dinorlabdan-Reihe aus Eperusäure

The Conversion of Eperuic Acid into Ethers of the enantio-14, 15-Dinorlabdane Series 5 and 6 are strongly odiferous substances of the ambra-type. Their enantiomers 7 and 8 , hitherto unknown, have been synthesized from eperuic acid (4) and their olfactory properties compared with those of 5 and 6 . 4 was esterified by CH₂N₂ and dehydrogenated with (C₆H₅Se)₂/H₂O₂ to the α,β-unsaturated ester 9 (61%). Oxidation by KMnO₄ in acetone yielded the ketone 3 (60%). Epoxidation followed by treatment with acid converted 3 into the acetals 7 (61%) and 8 (14%). 7 and 8 differ from 5 and 6 in odor intensity, and 6 and 8 show slightly different odor quality.