Exact solution for the gravitational field of a charged,magnetized, spinning mass

A family of solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell field equations is presented, corresponding to the exterior of stationaryaxisymmetric sources with charge, mass, angular momentum, and magnetic dipole moment. The Riemann tensor vanishes asymptotically for each member of the family; some solutions are asymptotically flat and some have NUT-like behavior asymptotically. For the asymptotically flat solutions, the gyromagnetic ratio may vary from zero to one. The corresponding value for the Kerr-Newman solution is one. A method for generating infinite chains of families of solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations is described.     

Non-Abelian isometries of multidimensional universes

A field theory on a(d + n)-dimensional manifold in the presence of ann-dimensional isometry group spanningn-dimensional orbit spaces may be reduced to a field theory on ad-dimensional manifold. The field content of such reduced theories is completely worked out when the isometries may be non-Abelian and the resultant space may have torsion. The equations of motion of the dimensionally reduced theory are obtained directly from the higher-dimensional theory. The reduced theory is given in terms of the metric tensor, a set of scalar fields, and a set of antisymmetric tensor fields.Supported in part by the Department of Energy under Contract DE-AS-2-76ER02978 and in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant NSF Phy 83 134 10.     

Static properties of nucleons in the Skyrme model

We compute static properties of baryons in an SU(2) × SU(2) chiral theory (the Skyrme model) whose solitons can be interpreted as the baryons of QCD. Our results are generally within about 30% of experimental values. We also derive some relations that hold generally in soliton models of baryons, and therefore, serve as tests of the $\text{1}\text{N}$ expansion.     

Copper and iron interactions with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. A study by fast-atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment, combined with high-energy collision-induced tandem mass spectrometry, has been used to investigate gas-phase metal-ion interactions with captopril, enalaprilat and lisinopril, all angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.Suggestions for the location of metal-binding sites are presented. For captopril, metal binding occurs most likely at both the sulphur and the nitrogen atom. For enalaprilat and lisinopril, binding preferably occurs at the amine nitrogen. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ESI‐MS/MS of expanded porphyrins: a look into their structure and aromaticity

Electrospray mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry was used to investigate the gas‐phase properties of protonated expanded porphyrins, in order to correlate those with their structure and conformation. We have selected five expanded meso‐pentafluorophenyl porphyrins, respectively, a pair of oxidized/reduced fused pentaphyrins (22 and 24 π electrons), a pair of oxidized/reduced regular hexaphyrins (26 and 28 π electrons) and a regular doubly N‐fused hexaphyrin (28 π electrons). The gas‐phase behavior of the protonated species of oxidized and reduced expanded porphyrins is different. The oxidized species (aromatic Hückel systems) fragment more extensively, mainly by the loss of two HF molecules. The reduced species (Möbius aromatic or Möbius‐like aromatic systems) fragment less than their oxidized counterparts because of their increased flexibility. The protonated regular doubly fused hexaphyrin (non‐aromatic Hückel system) shows the least fragmentation even at higher collision energies. In general, cyclization through losses of HF molecules decreases from the aromatic Hückel systems to Möbius aromatic or Möbius‐like aromatic systems to non‐aromatic Hückel systems and is related to an increase in conformational distortion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Spherical Gravitational Collapse: Tangential Pressure and Related Equations of State

We derive an equation for the acceleration of a fluid element in the spherical gravitational collapse of a bounded compact object made up of an imperfect fluid. We show that non-singular as well as singular solutions arise in the collapse of a fluid initially at rest and having only a tangential pressure. We obtain an exact solution of the Einstein equations, in the form of an infinite series, for collapse under tangential pressure with a linear equation of state. We show that if a singularity forms in the tangential pressure model, the conditions for the singularity to be naked are exactly the same as in the model of dust collapse.     

Dimensional reduction of superstring models

Compactification of ten-dimensional supergravity on Calabi-Yau manifolds (as recently proposed by Candelas, Horowitz, Strominger, and the author) gives n=1 supergravity theories in four dimensions. This paper is devoted to working out the Kähler potential and superpotential which arise.     

Superconducting strings

It is known that certain spontaneously broken gauge theories give rise to stable strings or vortex lines. In this paper it is shown that under certain conditions such strings behave like superconducting wires whose passage through astrophysical magnetic fields would generate a variety of striking and perhaps observable effects. The superconducting charge carriers may be either bosons (if a charged Higgs field has an expectation value in the core of the string) or fermions (if charged fermions are trapped in zero modes along the string, as is known to occur in certain circumstances). They might be observable as synchrotron sources or as sources of high-energy cosmic rays. If the charge carriers are ordinary quarks and leptons, the strings have important baryon number violating interactions with magnetic fields; such a string, traversing a galactic magnetic field of 10^?6 G, creates baryons (or antibaryons) at a rate of order 10¹² particles/cm of string per second.     

Quantum field theory,Grassmannians, and algebraic curves

This paper is devoted in part to clarifying some aspects of the relation between quantum field theory and infinite Grassmannians, and in part to pointing out the existence of a close analogy between conformal field theory on Riemann surfaces and the modern theory of automorphic representations. Along the way we develop a multiplicative analog of the usual additive Ward identities of current algebra. We also reformulate the additive Ward identities in a way which may be useful, in terms of the residues of operator-valued differential forms. A concluding section is devoted to some remarks on string field theory. In an appendix, we attempt to clarify the recent construction by Beilinson, Manin, and Schechtman of what might be called global Virasoro algebras.Supported in part by NSF Grants PHY80-19754 and 86-16129     

Perturbative expansion of Chern-Simons theory with non-compact gauge group

Naive imitation of the usual formulas for compact gauge group in quantizing three dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theory with non-compact gauge group leads to formulas that are wrong or unilluminating. In this paper, an appropriate modification is described, which puts the perturbative expansion in a standard manifestly unitary format. The one loop contributions (which differ from naive extrapolation from the case of compact gauge group) are computed, and their topological invariance is verified.Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY86-20266