Interactive System for Similarity-Based Inspection and Assessment of the Well-Being of mHealth Users

Recent digitization technologies empower mHealth users to conveniently record their Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) through web applications, smartphones, and wearable devices. These recordings can help clinicians understand how the users’ condition changes, but appropriate learning and visualization mechanisms are required for this purpose. We propose a web-based visual analytics tool, which processes clinical data as well as EMAs that were recorded through a mHealth application. The goals we pursue are (1) to predict the condition of the user in the near and the far future, while also identifying the clinical data that mostly contribute to EMA predictions, (2) to identify users with outlier EMA, and (3) to show to what extent the EMAs of a user are in line with or diverge from those users similar to him/her. We report our findings based on a pilot study on patient empowerment, involving tinnitus patients who recorded EMAs with the mHealth app TinnitusTips. To validate our method, we also derived synthetic data from the same pilot study. Based on this setting, results for different use cases are reported.     

Phenomenological Modeling of Electrorheological Fluids with an Extended Casson-Model

In this paper we propose a phenomenological theory for electrorheological fluids. In general these are suspensions which undergo dramatic changes in their material properties if they are exposed to an electric field. In the context of continuum mechanics these fluids can be modeled as non-Newtonian fluids. Recalling the governing equations of rational thermodynamics and electrodynamics of moving media (Maxwell-Minkowski-equations), we derive suitable governing equations of electrorheology using essentially two assumptions concerning magnetic quantities. Furthermore we introduce a 3-dimensional nonlinear constitutive equation for the Cauchy stress tensor which is an extension of the model proposed by Ružička (see [14]). Assuming a viscometric flow, we compare the shear stress of our model with other well known models and fit the parameters by using measurements that were obtained in a rotational viscometer. Excellent agreement between model and measurements is achieved. On the basis of these results we propose a 3-dimensional model, the so-called extended Casson -model. This model is investigated further for a channel flow configuration with a homogeneous electric field. We determine analytical solutions for the electric field, the velocity and the volumetric flow rate and illustrate the velocity profiles and the predicted pressure drop. The velocity profiles are flattened compared to parabolic profiles and become more flat if the electric field increases. Received March 21, 2000     

Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Pyrimidobenzimidazoles and Fused Derivatives II [1]. Dodecahydrobenzimidazo-[2,1-b]quinazolines and Decahydrobenzimidazo-[2,1-b]benzo[h]quinazolines [2]

Summary.  The cyclization reactions of trans-3a-hexahydro-2-benzimidazolamine with 2-alkylidene- and 2-benzylidenecyclohexanones and α-tetralones, respectively, yield mixtures of two isomeric condensates each. Thorough high resolution NMR analyses (¹H and ¹³C NMR, HH-COSY, gs-HSQC, gs-HMBC, 1D TOCSY, and 1D NOE difference spectra) revealed that the corresponding isomers are in all cases linearly fused diastereomeric 12α- and 12β-substituted trans-6aα-dodecahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-b]quinazolines and 7α-substituted trans-8aβ- and trans-8aα-decahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-b]benzo[h]quinazolines, respectively. The formation of corresponding angularly fused regioisomers was not observed so far. The stereochemistry and the tautomerism of some bases and their hydrochlorides as well as the regiospecific course of the cyclization reactions are discussed. Biological tests showed that the novel compounds don’t exert remarkable antibacterial and antimycotic effects. Received November 3, 1999. Accepted November 30, 1999     

Synthese und Strukturaufklärung von Pyrimidobenzimidazolen und kondensierten Derivaten, 3. Mitt. [1,2]. Decahydropyrimido[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]benzimidazol-2-ole und Octahydropyrimido[1,2-<Emphasis Type="Italic">a</Emphasis>]benzimidazole

Zusammenfassung.  Die Reaktion von racemischem trans-Hexahydrobenzimidazol-2-amin mit drei ausgew?hlten vinylogen Ketonen unter milden Bedingungen wurde untersucht. Nur im Fall der Umsetzung mit 4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-on konnten Cycloadditionsprodukte isoliert werden. Diese sind laut NMR-Analysen Gemische von zwei der acht m?glichen Diastereomeren, n?mlich von rac-2β-Methyl-4β-phenyl-trans-5aα- und trans-5aβ-decahydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2α-ol. Bei Umsetzungen des Amins mit Phenylbutenon bei erhoühten Temperatur sowie mit, 2-Methyl-1-phenyl-1-penten-3-on und 4^′-Chlorchalkon bildeten sich Gemische entsprechend substituierter rac-4α-Phenyl-trans-5aβ- und trans-5aα-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole. Struktur und Stereochemie der Titelverbindungen und ihrer Hydrochloride wurden anhand NMR-spektroskopischer Untersuchungen aufgekl?rt. Die Ringschlu?reaktionen verlaufen in allen F?llen gleichgerichtet regio-, jedoch nicht diastereoselektiv. Versuche zur Beeinflussung der Regio- und/oder Diastereoselektivit?t der Cyclisierungsreaktion durch Variation der Reaktionsbedingungen hatten keinen Erfolg.

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Synthesis and Structure Elucidation of Pyrimidobenzimidazoles and Fused Derivatives III [1,2]. Decahydropyrimido[1,2- a ]benzimidazol-2-oles and Octahydropyrimido[1,2- a ]benzimidazoles

Summary.  The reaction of racemic trans-hexahydrobenzimidazol-2-amine with three vinylogous ketones under mild conditions was studied. Only in the case of 4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one cycloaddition products could be isolated. According to NMR spectroscopy they consist of mixtures of two of eight possible diastereomers: rac-2β-methyl-4β-phenyl-trans-5aα- and trans-5aβ-decahydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazol-2α-ole. Reaction of the amine with the butenone at higher temperature and with, 2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-penten-3-one, and 4^′-chlorochalcone afforded mixtures of two diastereomers each, which turned out as rac-4α-phenyl-trans-5aβ- and trans-5aα-octahydropyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles. Complete structural and stereochemical assignments of the title compounds and their hydrochlorides were established by NMR spectroscopic investigations. The results showed that all investigated cyclization reactions proceeded regioselectively with equal orientation of the components, but not diastereoselectively. Variation of the reaction conditions did influence neither regio- nor diastereoselectivity.

Received October 19, 2000. Accepted October 30, 2000     

Special Reactions of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones III [1]. Formation and Structure Elucidation of Dimers of 2-Aryl-methyleneketones: (5E)-5-Benzylidene-9β-phenyl-trans-4a-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-decahydroxanthen-4aα-ol and 3β,5β-Bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2α,4β,6α-trimethyl-4α-propionyl-cyclohexanone [2]

Summary.  The reaction of 2-benzylidenecyclohexanone and 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-one with guanidine did not yield the expected 4-phenylhexahydro-2-quinazolinamine and 4-(p-methoxyphenyl)-dihydro-2-pyrimidinamine, respectively, but nitrogen-free products which turned out as [3+3]- and [4+2]-cycloadducts of two molecules of the applied vinylogous ketone each. According to elemental analyses, mass spectra, and, in particular, NMR analyses (¹H and ¹³CNMR, HH-COSY, gs-HSQC, gs-HMBC, 1D TOCSY, NOESY, and 1D NOE difference spectra), the prepared dimers were identified as racemic (5E)-5-benzylidene-9β-phenyl-trans-4a-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,9a-decahydroxanthen-4aα-ol and 3β,5β-bis-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2α,4β,6α-trimethyl-4α- propionylcyclohexanone, respectively. Structure and stereochemistry of the dimers are elucidated, and mechanisms for their formation are proposed. Received April 11, 2001. Accepted (revised) May 18, 2001     

Ground state wave functions in the hyperspherical formalism for nuclei with A>4

The general formulation of a technically advantageous method to find the ground state solution of the Schrödinger equation in configuration space for systems with a number of particles A greater than 4 is presented. The wave function is expanded in pair-correlated hyperspherical harmonics beyond the lowest order approximation and then calculated in the Faddeev approach. A recent efficient recursive method to construct antisymmetric A-particle hyperspherical harmonics is used. The accuracy is tested for the bound state energies of nuclei with A = 6–12. The high quality of the obtained results becomes evident from a comparison with other approaches.