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81.
Antje Schüle Winfried Rasemann Cordula Preue 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》1997,14(1):21-29
There are many applications of particle technology in which solid mixtures consisting of particles having the same chemical, mineralogical and physical properties are used. The particles are then distinguishable only by shape. The particle shape significantly influences the technological behaviour of the mixture and the properties of the materials produced. Therefore, mathematical procedures are necessary in order to determine the composition of such a mixture according to the proportions of certain particle shape classes. These classes are the respective components of the mixture. In this work, various statistical methods were tested to classify the particles by shape analysis. A two-component mixture of quartz and muscovite was used as a reference material. The results obtained by different theoretical methods were compared with each other. Alternative methods such as histogram fit and the EM algorithm provided better results than the conventional method of discriminant analysis, as expected. Because the statistical behaviour of the components can be estimated only using reference samples, a statistical error of about 5–10% depending on the respective sample size was met. However, this is a satisfactory result. It turned out that it is possible to conclude exclusively on the basis of the particle shape distribution about the composition of a mixture. The methodical knowledge obtained can be used in industrial applications such as the ceramic industry, the production of paints and the bulk solids technology. 相似文献
82.
O. Dubos W. Petry J. Neuhaus B. Hennion 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,3(4):447-454
We present inelastic neutron scattering measurements of the low energy and strongly damped phonons in the high temperature
bcc phase of zirconium. These phonons were investigated at different scattering vectors but equivalent phonon wave vectors in different Brillouin zones or along different but equivalent paths in the same Brillouin zone. Neither the observed differences
in intensity nor in line shapes can be explained by the coherent one-phonon scattering law . This leads to an apparent violation of the fundamental symmetry of lattice dynamics. Taking into account the strong anharmonicity
of these phonons, interferences between one- and multi-phonon scattering are held responsible for these effects. Measurements
in different scattering planes reveal that due to the symmetry of the bcc lattice, these effects can only be observed in certain
directions.
Received: 24 December 1997 / Received in final form: 9 March 1998 / Accepted: 19 March 1998 相似文献
83.
CHANGES IN TRANSMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE AND CELLULOSE (III) ACETATE DURING EXPOSURE TO ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Steef F. Steeneken Anita G. J. Buma Winfried W. C. Gieskes 《Photochemistry and photobiology》1995,61(3):276-280
Abstract— Ultraviolet-transparent polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and cellulose (III) acetate (CA) (often used as a cut-off filter in UVB [280–320 nm] biological effect studies) were exposed to a 20 W Philips TL 12 lamp to examine changes in transmission characteristics due to UVB exposure. Transmission of UVB and biologically weighted UVB (UVBE(DNA) ) through PMMA were similar, 88.3 and 83.5%, respectively. The absorption characteristics of PMMA did not change with time at any of the UV irradiance levels applied. However, transmission of UVB and UVBBE(DNA) ) through new CA differed considerably: 59% versus only 11%, respectively. Also, spectral absorption characteristics changed with time due to degradation of CA, at a rate that was dependent on the incident UVB irradiance. The decrease in transmission through CA of both UVB and UVBE(DNA) can be described by exponential functions. The CA that was wrapped around the UV lamp showed dramatic changes in UV absorption over the first few hours of use. However, when CA was placed at a longer distance from the light source initial degradation was less. It is concluded that PMMA can be applied in UV effect studies as a reasonable alternative for quartz. The CA should, however, be used with care, because the large transmission decreases that were observed strongly hamper an accurate calculation of (biologically weighted) UVB dose rates. 相似文献
84.
Helmut Kacholdt Peer Berges Günter Klar Winfried Hinrichs 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1987,12(6):515-520
Summary The chalcogenanthrenes Vn2EE; 2, 3, 7, 8-tetramethoxythianthrene (E=E=S), 2, 3, 7, 8-tetramethoxydibenzothiaselenin (E=S, E=Se), and 2, 3, 7, 8-tetramethoxyselenanthrene (E=E=Se), react with [{ReBr(CO)3(THF)}2] and [{PtXMe3}4] (X=Cl or Br) to give the dinuclear complexes [(fac-L3M)2(-X)2 (-Vn2EE)] (M=Re, L=CO, X=Br; M=Pt, L=Me, X=Cl or Br) in which the chalcogenanthrenes reveal a hitherto unknown co-ordination mode as bridging ligands. Telluranthrene (Pn2 Te2), however, forms mononuclear complexes of compositionfac-[L3MX(Pn2Te2)] (M=Re, L=CO, X=Br; M=Pt, L=Me, X=Br) with a chelating chalcogenanthrene ligand. Whereas the rhenium compounds are not stable enough in solution to be studied by i.r. spectroscopy, the platinum compounds can be well characterised by their1H n.m.r. spectra. Furthermore, the results of a single-crystal structure determination of [Pt2Cl2Me6(Vn2Se2)] are reported. The Pt–Se distance of 259 pm indicates a relatively weak interaction between the chalcogenanthrene and the remaining dinuclear fragment of the molecule. 相似文献
85.
Winfried Recknagel 《Archiv der Mathematik》1985,44(4):348-354
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
86.
87.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
88.
Winfried Brockmann 《Archiv der Mathematik》1977,29(1):406-409
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
89.
90.
During the structure detrmination of elaiophylin by X-ray crystallography and n.O.e. difference spectroscopy, the crystal and solution conformations were established and a selective sign reversal of the n.O.e. observed; this is rationalised in terms of the molecule's internal motions. 相似文献