Intramolecular Carbenoid Reactions of Pyrrole Derivatives Efficient Syntheses of Pyrrolizinone and Dihydroindolizinone

The copper-catalyzed pyrolysis of 1-diazo-3-(pyrrol-1-yl)-2-propanone (1a) and 1-diazo-4-(pyrrol-1-yl)-2-butanone (1b) in benzene solution gave 1 H-pyrrolizin-2-(3H)-one (4a) and 5,6-dihydroindolizin-7 (8H)-one (4b) , respectively, in quantitative yield. Similar pyrolysis of 1-diazo-4-(3-methylindol-1-yl)-2-butanone (9) was less efficient giving 1-methylbenzo[b]-5,6-dihydroindroindolizin-7 (8H)-one (10) and 4-(3-methylindol-1-yl)-but-l-en-3-one (11) in 7% and 24% yield, respectively.     

Stabilization of platinum(II) hydrides by tri-t-butylarsine; facile syntheses of stable trans-PtH2[As(t-Bu)3]2 and trans-PtHX[As(t-Bu)3]2 complexes

trans-PtH₂[As(t-Bu)₃]₂ was prepared in very good yield by afacile reaction of K₂PtC1₄ with As(t-Bu)₃ in alkaline ethanol. Treatment of trans-PtH₂[As(t-Bu)₃]₂ with CF₃CO₂H or HCI afforded trans-PtH(O₂CCF₃)[As(t-Bu)₃]₂ or trans-PtHCl[As(t-Bu)₃]₂. respectively, in almost quantitative yield.     

Two types of intramolecular addition of an Al-N multiple-bonded monomer LAlNAr' arising from the reaction of LAl with N3Ar' (L = HC[(CMe)(NAr)]2, Ar' = 2,6-Ar2C6H3, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3)

The reaction of beta-diketiminated aluminum(I) monomer LAl with a large bulky azide N3Ar' (L = HC(CMeNAr)2, Ar' = 2,6-Ar2C6H3, Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) in the temperature range from -78 degrees C to room temperature affords two different isomers 2 and 3, which have been characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray structural analyses, as well as elemental analysis. The variable-temperature 1H NMR kinetic studies of this reaction indicate the existence of the monomer LAlNAr' (1) at low temperature and the thermal stability of the compounds increases in the order of 1 < 2 < 3.     

Optimized separation of scopoletin and umbelliferone and cis-trans isomers of ferulic and p-coumaric acids by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

A systematic optimization strategy for reverse-phase h.p.l.c. is used to produce complete separation of all components of a mixture containing two coumarins, umbelliferone and scopoletin, and the cis-trans isomers of two cinnamic acids, p-coumaric and ferulic. A series of experiments gives retention time data for each of these substances in four citric acid-buffered mobile phases. A mathematical model fitted to this data gives model parameters that provide the basis for a window diagram of relative retentions vs. mobile phase pH. The window diagram gives an estimate of the mobile phase pH required for optimum separation.     

Multisample probe for fast-atom bombardment / mass spectrometry

An inexpensive multisample fast-atom bombardment (FAB) probe assembly was designed for high-throughput analysis of samples on a VG ZAB-SE mass spectrometer. The system consists of a vacuum lock system and a FAB probe whose tip contains five or more sample wells. The probe enters the mass spectrometer source region perpendicular to the secondary ion beam axis, The probe is maintained at high voltage on contact with a spring clip attached to the screen plate of the source block. Sample throughput with the multisample probe is twice that of a coaxial probe, with about twice the sensitivity and no sample cross contamination.     

Triazine chemistry VIII. 2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazines

2,5-Dihydro-5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine and some of its alkylated derivatives have been prepared. Nmr spectroscopic analysis has established that the 2,5-dihydro-5-oxo tautomers are preferred over the 4,5-dihydro-5-oxo ones. This preference, and the behavior of 1,2,4-triazines in some other chemical reactions has been interpreted in terms of electron-electron repulsions between the lone pairs of electrons of N₁ and N₂ in this ring system.     

Efficient synthesis of p-bis-(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene

Selective, high yield partial fluorination of p-bis-(trichloromethyl)benzene to p-bis-(chlorodifluoromethyl)benzene has been accomplished by warming a slurry of the p-bis-(trichloromethyl)benzene in anhydrous HF which also contains a small quantity of inert solvent, such as 1,2-dichloroethane.     

Partition and binding constants in micelles and vesicles from fluorescence quenching data

A method of analysing steady-state fluorescence quenching in compartmentalized systems is proposed which allows the evaluation of partition and binding constants where both association processes occur simultaneosly. The number of binding sites is shown to be dependent on the nature of the quencher.     

Simplex optimization of the separation of phospholipids by high-pressure liquid chromatography

A simplex procedure is shown to be an efficient approach for solving separation problems. The best solvent ratio for the separation of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin has been found by means of a two-dimensional simplex capable of expansion and contraction. A successful high-pressure liquid chromatography separation of lysophosphatidylcholine, phoaphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid was achieved with a 180-cm column packed with Corasil II and a solvent mixture of chloroform—methanol—ammonia (50.0:35.9:7.0, v/v/v).     

Solubility of carbazole in binary chloroalkane + dibutyl ether solvent mixtures

Solubilities are reported for carbazole in three binary chloroalkane + dibutyl ether solvent mixtures at 25°C. Results of these measurements are compared with solution models developed for solubility in systems containing specific solute-solvent interactions. A simple model based on a single 1:1 carbazole:dibutyl ether complex described the solubility data, though the calculated equilibrium constant was about one-half of values published previously. A more sophisticated solution model, which assumes both carbazole:dibutyl ether and carbazole:chloroalkane complexes, was needed to thermodynamically describe the systems studied. Equilibrium constants for three presumed carbazole:chloroalkane complexes are calculated from measured carbazole solubilities.