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21.
We show that the tenure lengths for managers of sport teams follow a power law distribution with an exponent between 2 and 3. We develop a simple theoretical model which replicates this result. The model demonstrates that the empirical phenomenon can be understood as the macroscopic outcome of pairwise interactions among managers in a league, threshold effects in managerial performance evaluation, competitive market forces, and luck at the microscopic level. 相似文献
22.
Landfill gas, cryotrapped on a loop fashioned from a length of a capillary gas chromatography (GC) column, was examined for volatile organometallic compounds (VOMCs) and for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by using GC–mass spectrometry (MS). A large number of organic components were present and many were identified, but the only VOMCs present in high enough concentrations to be detected were trimethylstibine and tetramethyltin. The use of inductively coupled plasma (ICP)‐MS as an element‐specific detector allowed the identification of a number of other organometallic species in the landfill gas, including trimethylarsine and trimethylbismuth, and, for the first time, butyltrimethyltin and dibutyldimethyltin. The presence of molybdenum hexacarbonyl was confirmed. Gas from a large‐scale compost heap and from compost incubated in the laboratory contained iodomethane but no common VOMCs (GC–ICP‐MS). Only VOCs were present in forest air (GC–MS). Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
Stefan Richter William T. Ross Carl Sundberg 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2004,132(8):2361-2365
In this paper, we refine a result of Nagel, Rudin, and Shapiro (1982) concerning the zeros of holomorphic functions on the unit disk with finite Dirichlet integral.
24.
David M. Evans 《组合设计杂志》2004,12(6):459-465
For all ‘reasonable’ finite t, k, and s, we construct a t‐(?0, k, 1) design and a group of automorphisms which is transitive on blocks and has s orbits on points. In particular, there is a 2‐(?0, 4, 1) design with a block‐transitive group of automorphisms having two point orbits. This answers a question of P. J. Cameron and C. E. Praeger. The construction is presented in a purely combinatorial way, but is a by‐product of a new way of looking at a model‐theoretic construction of E. Hrushovski. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
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Alpeshkumar K. Malde Santosh A. Khedkar Evans C. Coutinho 《Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry》2007,20(2):151-160
Modification of peptides to produce peptidomimetics is of great interest, with the aim of designing potent, selective, and metabolically stable analogs having certain conformational properties. Organoboranes have been reported in the literature with a wide range of therapeutic applications. One of the therapeutically important class of molecules is amine‐carboxyboranes derived from amino acids by replacement of the Cα atom of an amino acid/peptide by boron. The conformational preferences of these peptides, with respect to backbone ω, ?, and ψ torsion angles, have been investigated by theoretical calculations. The amide bond in these molecules has the same geometry in the ground and transition states as the natural peptides. However, the boron isosteres of glycine and alanine peptides are less structured than their natural derivatives, but are distinguished by structures with a positive value for the ? angle, which is normally disfavored for natural peptides. This property could be used to build peptides with a geometry not usually seen in natural peptides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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A new consistency measure, the harmonic consistency index, is obtained for any positive reciprocal matrix in the analytic hierarchy process. We show how this index varies with changes in any matrix element. A tight upper bound is provided for this new consistency measure when the entries of matrix are at most 9, as is often recommended. Using simulation, the harmonic consistency index is shown to give numerical values similar to the standard consistency index but it is easier to compute and interpret. In addition, new properties of the column sums of reciprocal matrices are obtained. 相似文献
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This article concerns the question, Which subsets of ?m can be represented with linear matrix inequalities (LMIs)? This gives some perspective on the scope and limitations of one of the most powerful techniques commonly used in control theory. Also, before having much hope of representing engineering problems as LMIs by automatic methods, one needs a good idea of which problems can and cannot be represented by LMIs. Little is currently known about such problems. In this article we give a necessary condition that we call “rigid convexity,” which must hold for a set ?? ? ?m in order for ?? to have an LMI representation. Rigid convexity is proved to be necessary and sufficient when m = 2. This settles a question formally stated by Pablo Parrilo and Berndt Sturmfels in [15]. As shown by Lewis, Parillo, and Ramana [11], our main result also establishes (in the case of three variables) a 1958 conjecture by Peter Lax on hyperbolic polynomials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献