Energy Transfer from a Lumazine (= Pteridine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione) Chromophore to Bathophcnanthroline-ruthenium(II) Complexes during Hybridization Processes of DNA

We incorporated 6,7-dimethyllumazine chromophores and a [Ru^II(bathophenanthroline)] complex into different oligodeoxynucleotides, the former via the corresponding phosphoramidites of the 2′-deoxynucleosides and the latter specifically by the phosphonate approach at the 5′-end of synthetic oligonucleotides, directly in the course of their synthesis on solid support. Efficiency measurements of this energy-transfer system with the lumazine as energy donor and the Ru complex as energy acceptor allowed us to distinguish between the hybridized and the non-hybridized state of oligonucleotides. Thus, the approach should be of value in DNA probe technology for the detection of single-stranded DNA targets.     

The surface shear viscosity of a planar liquid-vapor interface I. Theory

In this paper we develop a theory for the calculation of the surface shear viscosity of a planar liquid-vapor interface. The theory is an extension of the generalized hydrodynamics formalism, originally developed for the calculation of linear transport coefficients in isotropic bulk fluids. We develop an expression for the surface shear viscosity in terms of the actual shear viscosity profile in the interfacial region. We derive an expression for this profile in terms of the first four moments of the autocorrelation function of the transverse parallel velocity (the component of velocity parallel to k, which is the projection of k on to the interface). Finally, we calculate these moments for a planar liquid-vapor interface.     

Integrated Production and Distribution Planning for Södra Cell AB

In this paper we consider integrated planning of transportation of raw material, production and distribution of products of the supply chain at Södra Cell AB, a major European pulp mill company. The strategic planning period is one year. Decisions included in the planning are transportation of raw materials from harvest areas to pulp mills, production mix and contents at pulp mills, distribution of pulp products from mills to customer via terminals or directly and selection of potential orders and their levels at customers. Distribution is carried out by three different transportation modes; vessels, trains and trucks. We propose a mathematical model for the entire supply chain which includes a large number of continuous variables and a set of binary variables to reflect decisions about product mix and order selection at customers. Five different alternatives regarding production mix in a case study carried out at Södra Cell are analyzed and evaluated. Each alternative describes which products will be produced at which pulp mills.     

Observations of instabilities in the corona of laser produced plasmas

Using optical probing techniques plasma jets have been observed in the underdense plasma corona of targets irradiated with green laser beams. Various experimental observations have produced evidence that the jets are generated by an instability rather than by non-uniformities in the incident laser beams.     

Chromatic polynomials and whitney's broken circuits

The theorem of Hassler Whitney, which gives the chromatic polynomial of a graph in terms of “broken circuits,” is used to derive a new formula for the coefficients of chromatic polynomials.     

Covariant conservation laws from the palatini formalism

Covariant conservation laws in the Palatini formalism are derived. The result indicates that the gravitational part of conserved charges in general relativity should be calculated from a combination of Komar's strongly conserved current and the Einstein tensor. This implies that the set of complete diffeomorphism charges of a gravitating system consisting of scalar matter is described by Komar's vector density, and that the identification of gravitational energy and momentum reduces to two choices: a choice of relative weights of the contributions resulting from Komar's current and from the Einstein tensor, and a choice of preferred vector fields in space-time. A proposal is made which yields energy and momentum as scalars under diffeomorphisms and as a Lorentz vector in tangent space. Furthermore, the result can be used to identify covariant conservation laws holding separately for the matter contributions to diffeomorphism charges.