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71.
Wilhelm P. Neumann 《Nachrichten aus der Chemie》1982,30(3):190-194
72.
Luiz Pereira Ramos Helena Maria Wilhelm 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》2005,123(1-3):807-819
In recent years, the concept of producing biodiesel from renewable lipid sources has regained international attention. In
Brazil, a national program was launched in 2002 to evaluate the technical, economic, and environmental competitiveness of
biodiesel in relation to the commercially available diesel oil. Several research projects were initiated nationwide to investigate
and/or optimize biodiesel production from renewable lipid sources and ethanol derived from sugarcane (ethyl esters). Once
implemented, this program will not only decrease our dependence on petroleum derivatives but also create new market opportunities
for agribusiness, opening new jobs in the countryside, improving the sustainability of our energy matrix, and helping the
Brazilian government to support important actions against poverty. This article discusses the efforts to develop the Brazilian
biodiesel program in the context of technical specifications as well as potential oilseed sources. 相似文献
73.
74.
75.
Summary For a square matrixT
n,n
, where (I–T) is possibly singular, we investigate the solution of the linear fixed point problemx=T
x+c by applying semiiterative methods (SIM's) to the basic iterationx
0
n
,x
k
T
c
k–1+c(k1). Such problems arise if one splits the coefficient matrix of a linear systemA
x=b of algebraic equations according toA=M–N (M nonsingular) which leads tox=M
–1
N
x+M
–1
bT
x+c. Even ifx=T
x+c is consistent there are cases where the basic iteration fails to converge, namely ifT possesses eigenvalues 1 with ||1, or if =1 is an eigenvalue ofT with nonlinear elementary divisors. In these cases — and also ifx=T
x+c is incompatible — we derive necessary and sufficient conditions implying that a SIM tends to a vector
which can be described in terms of the Drazin inverse of (I–T). We further give conditions under which
is a solution or a least squares solution of (I–T)x=c.Research supported in part by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung 相似文献
76.
N. Aissaoui F. Haas R. M. Freeman C. Beck A. Morsad B. Djerroud R. Čaplar G. A. Monnehan A. Hachem M. Youlal 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1994,348(3):237-238
The 16 O+ 15 N reaction products have been studied by the γ-ray detection method in the CM energy range 15.5 to 36.1 MeV and by the kinematical coincidence method at energies ranging from E CM =20.6 to 33.5MeV. The γ-ray yield excitation function of the 16O 3? inelastic channel shows the existence of resonant structures. Two structures with ~ 1.6 MeV width are observed in the large angle elastic scattering excitation function, they are correlated with the resonances seen in the inelastic channel. Angular momentum assignments were made from the elastic backward angular distributions. 相似文献
77.
Wilhelm Blaschke 《Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici》1944,17(1):80-82
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
78.
F. A. Beck J. Dudek B. Haas J. C. Merdinger A. Nourreddine Y. Schutz J. P. Vivien Ph Hubert D. Dassié G. Bastin L. Nguyen J. P. Thibaud W. Nazarewicz 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1984,319(2):119-132
High spin states in the nucleus154Er have been reinvestigated using the123Sb(35Cl, 4n) reaction and a variety of spectroscopic techniques including excitation functions,γ-γ coincidences,γ angular distribution and linear polarization measurements. From the measured energies, relative intensities and transition multipolarities a new level scheme has been deduced up to an excitation energy of ~12 MeV and spin 36. An interpretation of the experimental results is given in terms of the deformed Woods-Saxon orbitals. Gigantic backbending (superdeformation) effect is studied theoretically within the cranking model. 相似文献
79.
Localized phosphorus-31 NMR spectra of human calf muscle in vivo were obtained by means of echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with a 1.5-T whole-body scanner. The technique permits the measurement of two-dimensional 31P SI data at a minimum acquisition time of 2.4 s (8x8 voxels, TR=300 ms). With 9.4 min measurement time (TR=1100 ms, 64 averages) and 25x25x40 mm spatial resolution in vivo the 31P NMR signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of the phosphocreatine (PCr) resonance was about 45; the multiplets of nucleoside 5'-triphosphates were resolved. Spectral quality permits quantitative assessment of the PCr signal in a measurement time that is shorter by a factor of 2 or more than the minimum measurement time feasible with chemical-shift imaging. In a functional EPSI study with a time resolution of 20.5 s on the calf muscle of volunteers, spectra showed a 40% decrease of the PCr signal intensity (at rest: S/N congruent with12) upon exertion of the muscle. 相似文献
80.
An experimental investigation of the size and volumetric concentration of acoustic cavitation bubbles is presented. The cavitation bubble cloud is generated at 20 kHz by an immersed horn in a rectangular glass vessel containing bi-distilled water. Two laser techniques, laser diffraction and phase Doppler interferometry, are implemented and compared. These two techniques are based on different measuring principles. The laser diffraction technique analyses the light pattern scattered by the bubbles along a line-of-sight of the experimental vessel (spatial average). The phase Doppler technique is based on the analysis of the light scattered from single bubbles passing through a set of interference fringes formed by the intersection of two laser beams: bubble size and velocity distributions are extracted from a great number of single-bubble events (local and temporal average) but only size distributions are discussed here. Difficulties arising in the application of the laser diffraction technique are discussed: in particular, the fact that the acoustic wave disturbs the light scattering patterns even when there are no cavitation bubbles along the measurement volume. As a consequence, a procedure has been developed to correct the raw data in order to get a significant bubble size distribution. After this data treatment has been applied the results from the two measurement techniques show good agreement. Under the emitter surface, the Sauter mean diameter D(3, 2) is approximately 10 microm by phase Doppler measurement and 7.5 microm by laser diffraction measurement at 179 W. Note that the mean measured diameter is much smaller than the resonance diameter predicted by the linear theory (about 280 microm). The influence of the acoustic power is investigated. Axial and radial profiles of mean bubble diameters and void fraction are also presented. 相似文献