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91.
Zur Entscheidungstheorie bei mehrfacher Zielsetzung 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zusammenfassung Der Begriff eines rationalen Lösunxgsprinzips für Entscheidungsprobleme mit mehrfacher Zielsetzung wird definitorisch eingeführt. Anhand der definierenden Bedingungen werden die neueren Lösungsansätze auf Rationalität untersucht. Zusätzlich wird besonderes Gewicht auf die kritische Untersuchung der den einzelnen Verfahren zugrundeliegenden Informationsannahmen gelegt. Dabei zeigt sich, wie auch aus empirischen Untersuchungen abgeleitet wird, daß es bei der Formulierung von Lösungsansätzen auf eine präzise Darstellung des Lösungsprinzips und der damit im Zusammenhang stehenden Informationsannahme ankommt; erst auf dieser Grundlage kann die entscheidungspraktische Relevanz solcher Verfahren überprüft werden.
Summary For multiobjective decision problems a notion of a rational solution principle is introduced by definition. The recently suggested solution approaches are tested for rationality under the defining conditions. Additionally, great importance is attached to the critical analysis of the information requirements underlying the different methods. It turns out, as well as it will be derived from empirical investigations, that a precise presentation of the solution principle and of the corresponding information requirements is indispensable formulating such approaches; first on this basis the practical relevance of solution procedures can be examined.相似文献
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Markus Follmann Nils Griebenow Michael G. Hahn Ingo Hartung Franz‐Josef Mais Joachim Mittendorf Martina Schfer Hartmut Schirok Johannes‐Peter Stasch Friederike Stoll Alexander Straub Peter Jeschke Ralf Nauen Michael Edmund Beck Hans‐Wilhelm Engels Hans‐Georg Pirkl Reinhard Albers Rolf W. Albach Jens Krause Andreas Hoffmann Holger Casselmann Jeff Dormish 《Angewandte Chemie (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,125(36):9503-9503
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Magnetic Circular Dichroism Study of Analogues of the DNA Binding Ligands Netropsin and Distamycin A
UV absorption and MCD data of a complete series of netropsin-like oligopeptides containing between one and five N-methyl-pyrrole residues are reported. The presence of three MCD bands in the region between 220 and 350 nm can be related to the resonance of the peptide groups with the methylpyrrole systems of the oligopeptides. The longest wavelength absorption bands of all netropsin-like compounds investigated are ascribed to two electronic transitions of the resonance methypyrrole-carboxamide units. - Complex formation with DNA affects these MCD bands and hence modifies the transitions. This is explained by hypercon-jugation in the chromophoric system as a result of specific hydrogen bonding of peptide groups with dA·dT pairs of double stranded DNA. 相似文献
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Wilhelm Maximilian Hützler Ernst Egert Michael Bolte 《Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry》2016,72(9):705-715
A path to new synthons for application in crystal engineering is the replacement of a strong hydrogen‐bond acceptor, like a C=O group, with a weaker acceptor, like a C=S group, in doubly or triply hydrogen‐bonded synthons. For instance, if the C=O group at the 2‐position of barbituric acid is changed into a C=S group, 2‐thiobarbituric acid is obtained. Each of the compounds comprises two ADA hydrogen‐bonding sites (D = donor and A = acceptor). We report the results of cocrystallization experiments of barbituric acid and 2‐thiobarbituric acid, respectively, with 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine, which contains a complementary DAD hydrogen‐bonding site and is therefore capable of forming an ADA/DAD synthon with barbituric acid and 2‐thiobarbituric acid. In addition, pure 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine was crystallized in order to study its preferred hydrogen‐bonding motifs. The experiments yielded one ansolvate of 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine (pyrimidine‐2,4‐diamine, DAPY), C4H6N4, (I), three solvates of DAPY, namely 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine–1,4‐dioxane (2/1), 2C4H6N4·C4H8O2, (II), 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine–N,N‐dimethylacetamide (1/1), C4H6N4·C4H9NO, (III), and 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine–1‐methylpyrrolidin‐2‐one (1/1), C4H6N4·C5H9NO, (IV), one salt of barbituric acid, viz. 2,4‐diaminopyrimidinium barbiturate (barbiturate is 2,4,6‐trioxopyrimidin‐5‐ide), C4H7N4+·C4H3N2O3−, (V), and two solvated salts of 2‐thiobarbituric acid, viz. 2,4‐diaminopyrimidinium 2‐thiobarbiturate–N,N‐dimethylformamide (1/2) (2‐thiobarbiturate is 4,6‐dioxo‐2‐sulfanylidenepyrimidin‐5‐ide), C4H7N4+·C4H3N2O2S−·2C3H7NO, (VI), and 2,4‐diaminopyrimidinium 2‐thiobarbiturate–N,N‐dimethylacetamide (1/2), C4H7N4+·C4H3N2O2S−·2C4H9NO, (VII). The ADA/DAD synthon was succesfully formed in the salt of barbituric acid, i.e. (V), as well as in the salts of 2‐thiobarbituric acid, i.e. (VI) and (VII). In the crystal structures of 2,4‐diaminopyrimidine, i.e. (I)–(IV), R22(8) N—H…N hydrogen‐bond motifs are preferred and, in two structures, additional R32(8) patterns were observed. 相似文献
98.
Thomas Prenveille Cyrielle Garreau Mathias Matner Dirk Dijkstra Wilhelm Oppermann Diethelm Johannsmann 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2019,57(5):621-629
The reactivity of urethanes based on 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 4,4′‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) was investigated at temperatures between 190 °C and 235 °C. Diurethane model compounds end‐capped with either 1‐dodecanol (D‐core‐D) or 1‐hexadecanol (H‐core‐H) were mixed and annealed at high temperature. The core was either MDI or HDI. The transurethanization reaction was followed based on the formation of the compounds (H‐core‐D). The amount of H‐core‐D and of side products, which had formed after variable annealing times, were identified with 1H NMR, FTIR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF. Transurethanization was considerably faster for MDI‐based urethanes than for HDI‐based urethanes. Only traces of side products were formed during annealing of MDI‐based urethanes, whereas a significant amount of allophanates was formed from HDI‐based urethanes under the same conditions. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019 , 57, 621–629 相似文献
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