Scaling properties of ℤ k- 1 actions on the circle

We derive universal scaling properties for ^k–1 actions on the circle whose generators have rotation numbers algebraic of degreek. As fork=2 these properties can be explained for arbitraryk in terms of a renormalization group transformation. It has at least one trivial fixed point corresponding to an action whose generators are pure rotations. The spectrum of the linearized transformation in this fixed point is analyzed completely. The fixed point is hyperbolic with a (k–1)-dimensional unstable manifold. In the casek=2 the known results are therefore recovered.     

Average local electrostatic potential and the core-valency separation in atoms

The average local electrostatic potential function, V(r)/ ρ(r), is calculated for 87 atoms, Li-Ac, in the ground state using the nonrelativistic average-over-configuration numerical Hartree-Fock density. It is found empirically that in a given atom the shell boundaries are expressed as the successively increasing maxima in V(r)/ ρ(r) and the outermost maximum presents good approximate estimates of the core-valence separation in atoms. The likeness in behavior of V(r)/ ρ(r) at each shell boundary with the maximum hardness principle is discussed. The single-exponent-fit parameters for the electron density in the valency region are provided for all atoms. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Die Kristallstruktur von Si5O[PO4]6

The crystal structure of Si₅O[PO₄]₆ has been determined and refined by least-squares, using three-dimensional X-raydata fromWeissenberg photographs: space group R 3;a=7.86₉ andc=24.13₈ Å;Z=3; 418 independent reflections;R=6.0%. The crystal structure consists of isolated [SiO₆] octahedra and [Si₂O₇] groups which are linked by [PO₄] tetrahedra forming a three-dimensional network. The average interatomic distances are: Si[6]?O=1.76₈, Si[4]?O=1.60₇ and P?O=1.52_i Å. The compound is isotypic with Ge₅O[PO₄]₆.     

Cytotoxicity and Antiproliferative Effect of Hypericin and Derivatives after Photosensitization

The toxicity on three human tumor cell lines (A431, HeLa and MCF7) of five phenanthroperylenequinones (hypericin and derivatives) and two perylenequinones (cercosporin and calphostin C) was investigated after photosensitization (4 J/cm²). Furthermore, the antiproliferative effect on HeLa cells was studied for the phenanthroperylenequinones. Hypericin, 2,5-dibromohypericin, 2,5,9,12-tetrabromohypericin and perylenequinones displayed a potent cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect in the nanomolar range. Hypericin dicarboxylic acid exhibited no photoactivity. In general, the antiproliferative activity correlated well with the photocytotoxicity. However, the nonphotocytotoxic compound hexamethylhypericin showed potent antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar range, probably exerting its action by protein kinase C inhibition. Without light irradiation, no cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect was observed for any photocytotoxic phenanthroperylenequinone compound. Furthermore, confocal laser microscopy revealed that the subcellular localization in A431 cells was similar for the photoactive compounds; the photosensitizers were mainly concentrated in the perinuclear region, probably corresponding with the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the accumulation of the photosensitizers in HeLa cells was investigated. All compounds except hypericin dicarboxylic acid were found to concentrate to a large extent in the cells. The compound 2,5,9,12-tetrabromohypericin seemed intrinsically more effective than hypericin since the intracellular concentration of the bromoderivative was a magnitude of order lower than that of hypericin although both compounds showed similar photobiological activity.     

A comparison of differential pulse and d.c. amperometric detection modes for the liquid chromatographic determination of oxalic acid

Oxalic acid determinations are made using two modes of electrochemical detection, namely, classical d.c. and differential pulse, after separation by ion-pair, ion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. Peak height ratio plots are constructed and compared for uric acid and oxalic acid mixtures using both electrochemical detection modes. The enhanced selectivity realized by use of the differential pulse electrochemical detection mode is demonstrated.     

Vakuumspektrometrische Analyse gepre?ter Stahlsp?ne

Zusammenfassung Die Vakuumspektrometrische Analyse von Stahlspanpreßlingen wird verbessert und ausgedehnt. Es wird das Abfunkverhalten der Preßlinge unter verschiedenen atmosphärischen Bedingungen in der Funkenkammer beschrieben. Der Zusatz von Wasserstoff zum Argon wirkt sich günstig aus, die Reproduzierbarkeit der Abfunkergebnisse ist gut. Unter den angegebenen Bedingungen lassen sich Spanbriketts aus unberuhigten und beruhigten Stählen einwandfrei vakuumspektrometrisch analysieren.Unberuhigte und beruhigte schwefel-bleihaltige Automatenstähle lassen sich ebenfalls analysieren, wenn die Probenvorgeschichte durch starke Warmverformung und Zerspanung, mit anschließender Mischung und Brikettierung der Späne ausgelöscht wird. Neben der Form hat auch die Größe der Mangansulfid-Bleieinschlüsse einen großen Einfluß auf den Zeit-Intensitätsverlauf aller Spektrallinien.

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Vacuumspectrometric analysis of briquetted steel chips

Improvements on vacuumspectrometric analysis of briquetted steel chips are dealth with. The influence of different atmospheric conditions in the spark chamber on sparking behaviour of briquettes is shown. An addition of hydrogen to the argon gas will give better results, the reproducibility of analysis is very good. A method is given for vacuumspectrometric analysis of briquetted chips, taken from rimming or killed steels.After hot working, milling and briquetting, samples of rimming and killed sulphurized, leaded free-cutting steel can be analysed, too. There is a great influence of the dimension and the shape of the MnS-Pb inclusions on the pre-spark curves.

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Auszug aus der Doktordissertation, Montanistische Hochschule Leoben, 1967.