Head–Tail Asymmetry as the Determining Factor in the Formation of Polymer Cubosomes or Hexasomes in a Rod–Coil Amphiphilic Block Copolymer

The self‐assembly of a rod–coil amphiphilic block copolymer (ABCP) led to Im m and Pn m polymer cubosomes and p6mm polymer hexasomes. This is the first time that these structures are observed in a rod–coil system. By varying the hydrophobic chain length, the initial concentration of the polymer solution, or the solubility parameter of the mixed solvent, head–tail asymmetry is adjusted to control the formation of polymer cubosomes or hexasomes. The formation mechanism of the polymer cubosomes was also studied. This research opens up a new way for further study of the bicontinuous and inverse phases in different ABCP systems.     

On the limiting factor of impregnation methods for developing Cu/CeO<Subscript>2</Subscript> anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

The efficiency of impregnation methods for making Cu-based solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is qualitatively characterized for the first time through a conformal coating model. It is found that the low-efficiency results from the uneven distribution of Cu instead of the small loading. Most of the Cu deposits form isolated islands, e.g., in a 20.4 vol.% Cu-loaded anode, 81% Cu is isolated from each other. In order to address the limited impregnation efficiency, two different procedures are adopted to fabricate the practical Cu/CeO₂ anodes, namely, simultaneous and sequential impregnation procedures. It is found that CeO₂ works as a solid dispersant, improving the Cu distribution drastically. Compared to the Cu-only anode, more than a threefold improvement of impregnation efficiency is achieved by both methods. The anode made by the sequential impregnation yields the best performance in CH₄ at 700 °C, 170 mW cm^?2, which represents an 18% enhancement over that of the simultaneous impregnation, or 340% over the Cu-only anode. These findings demonstrate that it is of importance to optimize the Cu impregnation to yield a highly active anode, and the sequential impregnation method is a promising procedure to break the efficiency-limiting factor and produce a high-performance anode with minimized fabrication effort.     

Coupling molecular rigidity and flexibility on fused backbones for NIR-II photothermal conversion

Great attention is being increasingly paid to photothermal conversion in the near-infrared (NIR)-II window (1000–1350 nm), where deeper tissue penetration is favored. To date, only a limited number of organic photothermal polymers and relevant theory have been exploited to direct the molecular design of polymers with highly efficient photothermal conversion, specifically in the NIR-II window. This work proposes a fused backbone structure locked via an intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction and double bond, which favors molecular planarity and rigidity in the ground state and molecular flexibility in the excited state. Following this proposal, a particular class of NIR-II photothermal polymers are prepared. Their remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency is in good agreement with our strategy of coupling polymeric rigidity and flexibility, which accounts for the improved light absorption on going from the ground state to the excited state and nonradiative emission on going from the excited state to the ground state. It is envisioned that such a concept of coupling polymeric rigidity and flexibility will offer great inspiration for developing NIR-II photothermal polymers with the use of other chromophores.

Low bandgap and large deformation generally conflict each other. This work couples molecular rigidity and flexibility by intramolecular hydrogen bonds and double bonds to achieve NIR-II light absorption and reinforced internal conversion at the same time.     

柱前衍生反相高效液相色谱法测定七种中药补养药中氨基酸

首次分离并测定了七神中药补养药中氨基酸，为其补益作用提供了科学依据．并建立了中药补养药的FMOC-氨基酸色谱测定方法。以FMOC-Cl(9-芴基甲氧基羰酰氯)为柱前衍生试剂，用反相高教液相色谱法测定氨基酸是国内报道甚少的新方法。该法衍生操作简单，衍生反应迅速．衍生物稳定，方法的灵敏度高、分辨率好，整个分析过程简捷，耗用时间短，优于用氨基酸分析仪分析氨基酸。常用的OPA(邻苯二甲醛)柱前衍生法不能直接测定二级胺类的氨基酸，该法则可直接测定一级及二级胺类的氨基酸．同时，该法受样品基质干扰少，从而为衍生物样品的氨基酸分析开辟了广阔前景。本文用该法测定了七种氨基酸，获得了较满意结果，并认为该法对中草药及重要天然植物资源的研究是一个简捷，准确且极其实用的新方法。     

苯基及取代苯基四唑异构反应的量子化学研究

与四唑相同，对位取代苯基四唑有两种异构体（见图1）.几十年来，实验工作者对这类化合物在医药和农业等方面的应用研究表现出浓厚兴趣［‘-‘1.最近，我们用从头计算和PM3等方法研究了四唑两种异构体间异构化反应的机理问.为了探明这类反应的取代基效应，本文报导用PM3方法[6]     

Enhancement of frequency modulation response time for polymer-dispersed liquid crystal

Through the ferroelectric nanoparticles of BaTiO₃ (BTO) doping, the response time for the frequency modulation of the polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) was improved. The BTO-doped PDLC cells were prepared by polymerisation induced phase separation (PIPS) process using UV light. The capacitance of the PDLC composites was measured with an impedance analyzer in the frequency range of 100 Hz–1 MHz at 1 V. The dynamic signal for the response time of the PDLC devices was monitored through a digital oscilloscope. The electro-optical properties of the PDLC were found to strongly depend on the doped BTO concentration. The BTO doping caused a large increase in the capacitance. The dielectric constants were drastically decreased in the samples with rather low BTO doping ratio at a high frequency. No outstanding difference in the rising time of the LC was observed in the BTO-doped PDLC device, but the falling time was significantly decreased from 0.334 to 0.094 s. The present results imply that the nanoparticle-doping technology could improve the electro-optical performance of the PDLC requiring fast response and frequency modulation, such as optical modulators and PDLC-hybrid electroluminescence device for flexible electronic devices.     

A convenient cyclopropanation process of oxindoles via bromoethylsulfonium salt

A practical convenient conversion of oxindoles into the corresponding spirocyclopropyl oxindoles is achieved efficiently using bromoethylsulfonium salt, which is easily prepared on a large scale and is stable crystalline. This reaction of bromoethylsulfonium salt with different substituted unprotected oxindoles proceeded under mild condition and provided moderate yields.     

Fluoranthene removal in aqueous phase by Fe(II) activated sodium percarbonate: mechanisms and degradation pathways

Research on Chemical Intermediates - In this study, the removal performance and degradation mechanisms of fluoranthene (FLT) in sodium percarbonate (SPC) activated by Fe(II) system were...