向列相液晶中空间光孤子的观测

分别以He-Ne激光器、半导体激光器和Ar⁺激光器作为光源照射液晶材料，在低光强入射的情况下均观察到了光束的自聚焦现象以及空间光孤子的形成，观察到了长度l>5mm的孤子波和多模空间光孤子，并对空间孤子的产生条件及特性进行了讨论. 关键词： 自聚焦 空间光孤子 向列相液晶     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合薄膜材料的制备及其非线性光限幅效应的研究

石墨烯及其衍生物作为新型碳纳米结构,由于其优异的光限幅性能而受到广泛关注,但现有的工作多侧重于其在液相体系中光限幅效应及其起因研究.本文以壳聚糖为成膜基质,将氧化石墨烯(GO)与壳聚糖(CS)在液相中均匀共混后成膜,对比研究GO溶液和GO-CS复合膜的光限幅效应及其起因.结果表明在线性透过率相同的情况下,GO在固相基质中表现出比液相基质更强的光限幅效应和更弱的非线性散射.这说明不同于碳纳米管简单的非线性散射,在GO中可能存在多种非线性光学效应.     

基于低相干光的阵列透镜束匀滑技术研究

基于激光加载的材料状态方程的实验研究对靶面光强分布的均匀性及稳定性提出了极高的要求,靶面光强的上述两大特性在很大程度上决定了实验结果的精度和可重复性.本文针对传统窄带高相干激光装置在激光加载材料状态方程实验中表现出的靶面光强均匀性和光强分布稳定性两方面可能存在的问题,提出了基于宽带低相干激光,利用消衍射阵列透镜联合诱导非相干技术的束匀滑方案,并重点分析了波前相位畸变对靶面不均匀性及稳定性的影响.模拟结果表明,该方法明显降低了靶面不均匀性,提高了对波前相位畸变的包容度,获得了均匀、稳定的光强分布.统计分析显示,焦斑强度分布极差和不均匀性与波前相位畸变均方根梯度相关性较强.因此,可以根据统计结果以及实验对焦斑强度分布的要求,给出波前相位畸变的容差范围,对状态方程实验中激光驱动器参数的设计与优化具有指导意义.     

一种半球形天空亮度测量仪器的研制

在大气光学领域中,天空亮度分布有着重要的应用.简要介绍了天空亮度的测量原理,在分析同类测量仪器的基础上,提出了一种用于白天的,可见及近红外波段天空亮度测量仪器的设计,介绍了系统的组成和探测器的选择.经过定标,仪器能够得到天空亮度的绝对值,其结果反映了真实天空亮度分布的变化.该仪器弥补了传统的天空亮度测量仪器住测量波段、实时性、便携性等方面的不足,更好地满足了实际的科研需求.     

聚酰胺酸合成工艺研究

 采用超声波在线测量溶液粘度的方法，研究了合成聚酰胺酸过程中实验条件的影响，并对实验结果进行分析，由此确定了合成高分子量聚酰胺酸的最佳实验条件。研究表明：在加料次序为先加二胺后加二酐（二酐与二胺的摩尔比为1.01～1.02：1）、试剂中含水量尽可能少，反应温度0～5℃、反应时间以溶液粘度到达最大值为止的条件下，所合成的聚酰胺酸溶液粘度最大，可满足惯性约束聚变（ICF）充气腔靶端口膜的需要。     

Review of recent UV–Vis and infrared spectroscopy researches on wine detection and discrimination

Wine has become a commodity of significant commercial value, and the demand for high quality wine by consumers has been increasing. Suitable analytical techniques are needed for its quality control. Ultraviolet, Visible, Near-infrared and infrared spectroscopy is by far one of the most important techniques for determining the wine quality, including its components and characterization. This review will overview the available most recent applications of spectroscopic techniques in the past decade for wine quality prediction and discrimination both quantitatively and qualitatively. The fundamental principles of these techniques will be introduced briefly, and some innovative setups/instrumentations will also be illustrated. At last the limitations and prospects of spectroscopic techniques for wine industry will be discussed.     

Tailorable PC71BM Isomers: Using the Most Prevalent Electron Acceptor to Obtain High‐Performance Polymer Solar Cells

Despite being widely used as electron acceptor in polymer solar cells, commercially available PC₇₁BM (phenyl‐C₇₁‐butyric acid methyl ester) usually has a “random” composition of mixed regioisomers or stereoisomers. Here PC₇₁BM has been isolated into three typical isomers, α‐, β₁‐ and β₂‐PC₇₁BM, to establish the isomer‐dependent photovoltaic performance on changing the ternary composition of α‐, β₁‐ and β₂‐PC₇₁BM. Mixing the isomers in a ratio of α/β₁/β₂=8:1:1 resulted in the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.67 % for the polymer solar cells with PTB7:PC₇₁BM as photoactive layer (PTB7=poly[[4,8‐bis[(2‐ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl][3‐fluoro‐2‐[(2‐ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4‐b]thiophenediyl]]). The three typical PC₇₁BM isomers, even though sharing similar LUMO energy levels and light absorption, render starkly different photovoltaic performances with average‐performing PCE of 1.28–7.44 % due to diverse self‐aggregation of individual or mixed PC₇₁BM isomers in the otherwise same polymer solar cells.     

Asymmetric Michael Addition of Aldimino Esters with Chalcones Catalyzed by Silver/Xing‐Phos: Mechanism‐Oriented Divergent Synthesis of Chiral Pyrrolines

The mechanism‐oriented reaction design for the divergent synthesis of chiral molecules from simple starting materials is highly desirable. In this work, aromatic amide‐derived nonbiarylatropisomer/silver (silver/Xing‐Phos) complex was used to catalyze the Michael addition of glycine aldimino esters to chalcones and successfully applied to the subsequent cyclocondensation to afford substituted cis‐Δ(1)‐pyrroline derivatives with up to 98 % ee. Besides the inherent performance of the chiral Ag/Xing‐Phos catalyst system, it was found that the workup of such reactions played an important role for the stereoselective construction of stereodivergent Δ(1)‐pyrrolines, in which an epimerization of the cis‐Δ(1)‐pyrrolines to the trans‐isomers during was revealed.     

Adsorption of thorium(IV) on magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes

The influences of pH, contact time, solid-liquid ratio, temperature and C60(C(COOH)2)n on Th(IV) adsorption onto the magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MMWCNTs) were studied by batch technique. The dynamic process showed that the adsorption of Th(IV) onto MMWCNTs could reach equilibrium in 40 h and matched the pseudo-second-order kinetics model. The adsorption of Th(IV) onto MMWCNTs was significantly dependent on pH values, the adsorption ratio increased markedly at pH 3.0–5.0, and then maintained a steady state as pH values increased. At low pH, different C60(C(COOH)2)n content could enhance the adsorption content of Th(IV) onto MMWCNTs, but restrained it at higher pH. Through simulating the adsorption isotherms by Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubini-Radushkevich models, it could be seen respectively that the adsorption pattern of Th(IV) onto MMWCNTs was mainly surface complexation, and that the adsorption process was endothermic and irreversible.