强激光驱动高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究进展

高能自旋极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线在高能物理、实验室天体物理与核物理等领域有十分重要的应用.近年来随着超短超强激光脉冲技术的快速发展,利用强激光与物质相互作用的非线性康普顿散射和多光子Breit-Wheeler过程为制备高极化度、高束流密度的高能极化粒子束提供了新的可能.本文对基于强激光产生高能极化正负电子束与偏振伽马射线的研究成果进行简要回顾,并介绍了这些方法的基本物理原理和主要结果.     

原位液相透射电子显微镜及其在 纳米粒子表征方面的应用

近年来,基于透射电子显微技术、微纳加工技术和薄膜制造技术的发展,原位液相透射电子显微技术产生,为构建多种纳米级分辨率尺度下的微实验平台,发展新型纳米表征技术和众多领域的相关研究提供了途径.本文首先介绍了应用于原位液相透射电子显微技术的液体腔设计要求,然后介绍了液体腔的发展和典型的制备工艺,最后综述了近年来液体腔透射电子显微镜在纳米粒子成核和生长方面的应用研究,并探讨了该技术前沿发展面临的机遇和挑战.本文将为提高我国先进纳米表征技术和原子精准构筑技术提供相关讨论和支持.     

Evolution of domain structure in Fe_3GeTe_2

Two-dimensional(2D)magnets provide an ideal platform to explore new physical phenomena in fundamental magnetism and to realize the miniaturization of magnetic devices.The study on its domain structure evolution with thickness is of great significance for better understanding the 2D magnetism.Here,we investigate the magnetization reversal and domain structure evolution in 2D ferromagnet Fe₃GeTe₂(FGT)with a thickness range of 11.2-112 nm.Three types of domain structures and their corresponding hysteresis loops can be obtained.The magnetic domain varies from a circular domain via a dendritic domain to a labyrinthian domain with increasing FGT thickness,which is accompanied by a transition from squared to slanted hysteresis loops with reduced coercive fields.These features can be ascribed to the total energy changes from exchange interaction-dominated to dipolar interaction-dominated with increasing FGT thickness.Our finding not only enriches the fundamental magnetism,but also paves a way towards spintronics based on 2D magnet.     

Propagation properties and radiation force of circular Airy Gaussian vortex beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium

We study the abruptly autofocusing and autodefocusing properties of the circular Airy Gaussian vortex(CAi GV)beams in strongly nonlocal nonlinear medium for the first time through numerical simulations.The magnitude of topological charges and the position of the vortex could change not only the light spot pattern but also the intensity contrast.Meanwhile,we can change the position of the autofocusing and autodefocusing planes by changing the parameter of the incident beam.Furthermore,we can control the peak intensity contrast through choosing properly the truncation factor.As for the radiation force,we study the gradient and the scattering forces of CAi GV beams on Rayleigh dielectric sphere.Our analyses demonstrate that the radiation force can be enhanced by choosing proper parameters of CAi GV beams.     

First-principles analysis of phonon thermal transport properties of two-dimensional WS_2/WSe_2 heterostructures

The van der Waals(vdW)heterostructures of bilayer transition metal dichalcogenide obtained by vertically stacking have drawn increasing attention for their enormous potential applications in semiconductors and insulators.Here,by using the first-principles calculations and the phonon Boltzmann transport equation(BTE),we studied the phonon transport properties of WS2/WSe2 bilayer heterostructures(WS2/WSe2-BHs).The lattice thermal conductivity of the ideal WS2/WSe2-BHs crystals at room temperature(RT)was 62.98 W/mK,which was clearly lower than the average lattice thermal conductivity of WS2 and WSe2 single layers.Another interesting finding is that the optical branches below 4.73 THz and acoustic branches have powerful coupling,mainly dominating the lattice thermal conductivity.Further,we also noticed that the phonon mean free path(MFP)of the WS2/WSe2-BHs(233 nm)was remarkably attenuated by the free-standing monolayer WS2(526 nm)and WSe2(1720 nm),leading to a small significant size effect of the WS2/WSe2-BHs.Our results systematically demonstrate the low optical and acoustic phonon modes-dominated phonon thermal transport in heterostructures and give a few important guidelines for the synthesis of van der Waals heterostructures with excellent phonon transport properties.     

CCSD(T) study on the structures and chemical bonds of AnO molecules (An = Bk–Lr)

The molecular geometries and dissociation energies of AnO (An = Bk–Lr) molecules were first obtained at thecoupled-cluster single-, double-, and perturbative triple-excitations [CCSD(T)] level of theory. Four hybrid functionals,B3LYP, M06-2X, TPSSh, and PBE0, were also employed in the calculations for the sake of comparison. In comparison ofthe CCSD(T) results, B3LYP, TPSSh, and PBE0 functionals can obtain more appropriate results than M06-2X and MP2.The analyses on molecular orbitals show that the 7s, 6d, and 5f atomic orbitals of actinide (An) atoms participate in thebonding of An–O bonds. The partial covalent nature between An and O atoms is revealed by QTAIM analyses.     

GW/BSE级别下的非绝热动力学模拟揭示桥连化学键对调控酞菁锌-富勒烯给体-受体复合物激发态弛豫过程的重要作用

本文采用基于多体格林函数方法和Bethe-Salpeter方程(GW/BSE)的电子结构计算方法和非绝热动力学模拟研究了两种不同桥连化学键构型(5-6构型和6-6构型)的酞菁锌-富勒烯(ZnPc-C₆₀)给受体复合物的激发态性质及其弛豫过程. 对于6-6构型,ZnPc-C₆₀的最低激发态S₁态为光谱明态,即ZnPc的局域激发(LE)态,因此,6-6构型的ZnPc-C₆₀在光激发之后几乎不会发生电荷分离过程. 相比之下,5-6构型的ZnPc-C₆₀的S₁态是C₆₀的LE态,为光谱暗态,而作为光谱明态的ZnPc的LE态的能量更高. 而且,在ZnPc和C₆₀的LE态之间还存在若干电荷转移(CT)态. 因此,电荷转移会在从高能的ZnPc的LE态到低能的C₆₀的LE态的弛豫过程中发生. GW/BSE级别的非绝热动力学模拟结果进一步验证了电子结构计算的结论,并给出了相关过程的时间尺度：从ZnPc到C₆₀的超快激发态能量转移过程在前200 fs完成;随后发生的是由C₆₀到ZnPc的超快空穴转移过程. 本工作表明不同的桥连化学键模式(即5-6和6-6构型)可用于调节ZnPc-C₆₀给体-受体复合物的激发态性质及其光电性质. 与此同时,本工作证明了GW/BSE级别的非绝热动力学方法是探索非周期性给体-受体复合物、有机金属配合物、量子点、纳米团簇等复杂体系的光诱导动力学的可靠工具.     

格雷码与六步相移编码融合的三维结构光学测量方法

编码结构光技术是一种获取复杂目标三维结构的典型测量技术,其将编码后的结构光图案投射到待测物体表面进行调制、采集,并通过解码计算三维面形数据,可见编码方法是结构光三维测量技术的核心问题。然而,通用的格雷码编码方法和六步相移编码方法都存在一定缺陷,为此,以获取物体的高精度三维点云数据为目标,提出了一种融合格雷码与六步相移的结构光技术。首先,将格雷码结构光设计为7幅黑白相间的条纹周期图像,并通过投射角度解码操作将图像划分为多个区域;然后,设计六步相移结构光为6幅具有相位差的余弦周期图像,通过相位解包裹操作将每个子区域细分到单个像素单元;最后,融合以上两种编码结构光解码值,计算图像内每个空间点的绝对相位信息。仿真实验与实际测试实验显示,与传统六幅莫尔条纹结构光技术相比,融合结构光技术计算量较小,同时也克服了单独使用格雷码或相移技术所存在的问题,能够以较高精度获取物体目标的三维结构细节,为基于结构光的双目三维扫描系统提供一定理论依据。     

同步辐射束流尺寸测量干涉仪的设计与仿真

基于同步光的干涉法,是一种非拦截高精度的束流截面测量手段。相比传统成像法,干涉法可以测量更小的束团尺寸、分辨率更好,较短测量波长下有望获得亚μm级的分辨率,因此在同步辐射光源中得到广泛应用。对合肥光源HLS II的原有同步光干涉装置,提出了将原有的干涉光路中第一面聚焦透镜换成RC结构聚焦反射镜,第二面单透镜换成双胶合透镜,以达到在不改变光路光轴情况下减小色散和几何像差,从而提高光路成像质量的目的。采用几何光路设计方法对成像质量进行评价,并进行物理光学仿真计算,得到测量系统的干涉条纹。仿真结果表明：光学系统成像的艾里斑半径减小约35%,点列图的均方根半径减小了约99%,波前差也减小了约75%,调制传递函数（MTF）的截止频率提高了约65%,采用聚焦反射镜代替原有的聚焦透镜可大幅提升光路成像质量。