2012年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助情况介绍

经力学专家评审、数理科学部工作会议及基金委员会委务会审议,2012年度力学科学处面上项目、青年科学基金和地区科学基金资助项目已确定（见附表1）.现将有关信息公布如下：（1）国家自然科学基金委员会目前已确立了研究项目、人才项目和环境条件项目3个项目资助系列.这3个资助项目系列的定位各有侧重,相辅相成,构成了国家自然科学基金资助格局.面上项目属于研究项目系列,以获得科研创新成果为主要目的,并通过创新性科学研究培养科技人才,促进学科均衡、协调和可持续发展,     

Stereospecific entry to [4.5]spiroketal glycosides using alkylidenecarbene C-H insertion

[reaction: see text] A novel method for the stereospecific preparation of [4.5]spiroketal glycosides utilizing the 1,5 C-H bond insertion of alkylidenecarbenes is described. Treatment of 2-oxopropyl beta-pyranosides A with lithium (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane in THF at -78 degrees C afforded 1,6-dioxaspiro[4,5]decenes B in good yield. Submission of the corresponding alpha-glycosides C to the same reagent gave the isomeric insertion products D in moderate to high yield.     

Cu(Ⅱ)与邻苯二酚紫和罗丹明6G协同显色反应的研究及其应用

在pH6.8的磷酸盐缓冲液中,在OP和乙醇存在下.Cu(Ⅱ)和邻苯二酚紫与罗丹明6G形成稳定的紫红色离子缔合物,最大吸收波长λ_max=560nm,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=5.1×10~4L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1).Cu(Ⅱ)在0～15μg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律,所拟方法用于茶叶和面粉中微量铜的测定,结果满意.     

催化介质中的超Ornstein-Uhlenbeck 过程

本文构造了催化介质中的Ornstein-Uhlenbeck过程,并在有限测试情形,证明了其persistence性质（d=1)。     

关于某类带小周期参数的方程的数值解法

In this paper,we propose a numerical method for the point boundary value problem with small periodic structure.we give error estimates and numerical example.     

Eliminate the influence of zero-order diffraction for wavefront reconstruction with selectable magnification in digital holographic

The objective surface is considered as the scattering plane; frequency spectrum of a digital hologram transmission light is studied when the reference light and reconstruction wave are spherical waves. The relation between relevant parameters and the object light, conjugate object light and zero-order diffraction wave frequency spectrum distribution. The research results show that: each frequency spectrum of the diffracted wave broadens to various degrees as the radius of the reconstruction wavefront decreases, and frequency aliasing is generated under certain conditions. Based on the research results, a new method that carries out high-pass filtering processing without zero-order diffraction interference upon digital hologram is proposed and the reconstruction experimental proof for eliminating the interferential changeable magnification wave is given.     

提高耳语音可懂度的非对称压缩语音增强方法

提出两种基于非对称代价函数的耳语音增强算法,将语音增强过程中的放大失真和压缩失真区分对待。Modified ItakuraSaito (MIS)算法对放大失真给予更多的惩罚,而Kullback-Leibler (KL)算法则对压缩失真给予更多的惩罚。实验结果表明,在低于—6 dB的低信噪比情况中,经MIS算法增强后的耳语音的可懂度相比传统算法有显著提高;而KL算法则获得了同最小均方误差语音增强算法近似的可懂度提高效果,证实了耳语音中的放大失真和压缩失真对于耳语音可懂度的影响并不相同,低信噪比时较大的压缩失真有助于提高耳语音可懂度,而高信噪比时的压缩失真对耳语音可懂度影响较小。     

Experimental and numerical study of the evolution of soot primary particles in a diffusion flame

The evolution of primary soot particles is studied experimentally and numerically along the centreline of a co-flow laminar diffusion flame. Soot samples from a flame fueled with C₂H₄ are taken thermophoretically at different heights above the burner (HAB), their size and nano-structure are analysed through TEM. The experimental results suggest that after inception, the nascent soot particles coagulate and coalesce to form larger primary particles (?～?5 to 15 nm). As these primary particles travel along the centreline, they grow mainly due coagulation and condensation and a layer of amorphous hydrocarbons (revealed by HRTEM) forms on their surface. This amorphous layer appears to promote the aggregation of primary particles to form fractal structures. Fast carbonisation of the amorphous layer leads to a graphitic-like shell around the particles. Further graphitization compacts the primary particles, resulting in a decrease of their size. Towards the flame tip the primary particles decrease in size due to rapid oxidation. A detailed population balance model is used to investigate the mechanisms that are important for prediction of primary particle size distributions. Suggestions are made regarding future model development efforts. Simulation results indicate that the primary particle size distributions are very sensitive to the parameterization of the coalescence and particle rounding processes. In contrast, the average primary particle size is less sensitive to these parameters. This demonstrates that achieving good predictions for the average primary particle size does not necessarily mean that the distribution has been accurately predicted.     

IDENTIFICATION OF NONLINEAR VIBRATION SYSTEMS BASED ON PARAMETRIC TFA

利用多项式调频小波变换对一类非线性系统的输出响应的瞬时特性进行了提取,结合FREEVIB和FORCEVIB方法中瞬态模态参数的算法,得到了能直观反应系统非线性特性的骨架线和阻尼系数曲线,并且通过拟合辨识出的系统平均化的非线性弹性力/阻尼力,对非线性振动系统的具体参数进行了识别和估计。通过数值仿真验算方法有效,而且具有精度高、抗噪能力强等优点。