The boundary is mixed

We show that in Oeckl’s boundary formalism the boundary vectors that do not have a tensor form represent, in a precise sense, statistical states. Therefore the formalism incorporates quantum statistical mechanics naturally. We formulate general-covariant quantum statistical mechanics in this language. We illustrate the formalism by showing how it accounts for the Unruh effect. We observe that the distinction between pure and mixed states weakens in the general covariant context, suggesting that local gravitational processes are naturally statistical without a sharp quantal versus probabilistic distinction.     

Universal Three-Qubit Entanglement Generation Based on Linear Optical Elements and Quantum Non-Demolition Detectors

Recently, entanglement plays an important role in quantum information science. Here we propose an efficient and applicable method which transforms arbitrary three-qubit unknown state to a maximally entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state, and the proposed method could be further generalized to multi-qubit case. The proposed setup exploits only linear optical elements and quantum non-demolition detectors using cross-Kerr media. As the quantum non-demolition detection could reveal us the output state of the photons without destroying them. This property may make our proposed setup flexible and can be widely used in current quantum information science and technology.     

Nonclassicality Generated by Applying Hermite–Polynomials Photon-Added Operator on the Even/Odd Coherent States

We examine nonclassical properties of the quantum state generated by applying Hermite polynomials photon-added operator on the even/odd coherent state (HPECS/HPOCS). Explicit expressions for its nonclassical properties, such as quantum statistical properties and squeezing phenomenon, are obtained. It is interesting to find that the HPECS/HPOCS exhibits sub-Poissonian distribution, anti-bunching effects and negative values of the Wigner function. Thus, we confirm the HPPECS/HPPOCS is a new nonclassical state. Finally, we reveal that the HPPECS/HPPOCS is a novel intelligent state by its squeezing effects in position distribution and quadrature squeezing.     

Hawking Radiation of Scalar and Vector Particles from 5D Myers-Perry Black Holes

In the present paper we explore the Hawking radiation as a quantum tunneling effect from a rotating 5 dimensional Myers-Perry black hole (5D-MPBH) with two independent angular momentum components. First, we investigate the Hawking temperature by considering the tunneling of massive scalar particles and spin-1 vector particles from the 5D-MPBH in the Painlevé coordinates and then in the corotating frames. More specifically, we solve the Klein-Gordon and Proca equations by applying the WKB method and Hamilton-Jacobi equation in both cases. Finally, we recover the Hawking temperature and show that coordinates systems do not affect the Hawking temperature.     

A New Emissive Chalcone-Based Chemosensor Armed by Coumarin and Naphthol with Fluorescence “Turn-on” Properties for Selective Detection of F<Superscript>−</Superscript> Ions

A new chalcone-based probe containing coumarin and naphthol at both ends has been synthesized via aldol condensation. The uniqueness of the newly derived probe can be ascribed to the presence of naphthol and coumarin units acting as binding site and signaling element, respectively. The fluorogenic behaviors toward various anions were investigated. The probe was characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and the in-depth study led to show excellent selectivity and sensitivity for fluoride ions. The hydrogen bonding thus formed with fluoride anion provides remarkable fluorometric responses. The interactions of the probe with fluoride ions were determined by fluorescence, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopic techniques. The exploratory studies by fluorescent spectral changes augur well for the naked-eye sensing applications.     

Specific Fluorescence Probe for Direct Recognition of Dimethoate Using Molecularly Imprinting Polymer on ZnO Quantum Dots

ZnO quantum dots (QDs) based molecularly imprinting polymer (MIP)-coated composite was described for specific detection of the dimethoate (DM) as a template. The MIP was synthesized by simple self-assembly of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) monomers and tetraethyl ortho-silicate as cross linking agent in the presence of template molecules. The used imprinting course can improve the tendency of the prepared QDs toward the DM template molecules. The MIP-coated ZnO QDs showed a strong fluorescence emission which undergoes a quenching effect in the presence of DM. So, a selective probe could be designed based on these composites to recognize DM in water samples. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear relationship between the emission intensity of MIP-coated ZnO QDs and concentration of DM, in the range of 0.02–3.2 mg L^?1 with a detection limit of 0.006 mg L^?1. Combination of high specificity of MIP element and distinct fluorescence features of ZnO QDs provides a sensitive and selective recognizing method for pesticide detection. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of DM contamination in environmental water samples.     

Angular-Multiplexing Optical Multiple-Image Encryption Based on Digital Holography and Random Amplitude Mask

We propose an improved optical image encryption scheme. By illuminating original images positioned in the input plane of the 4-f correlator and introducing reference waves with different incident angles in the output plane, we accomplish multiple-image encryption. To enhance the feasibility of the system and decrease the coding compliance for random phase mask, we apply the random amplitude masks and some digital manipulations in the encryption and decryption procedure. We also analyze the encryption and decryption quality of the method proposed together with the influence of different random number generators. Numerical simulation has proved the validity of the architecture suggested.     

Nonnegative Discrete Symbols and Their Probabilistic Interpretation

We review the quantizer–dequantizer formalism of constructing symbols of the density operators and quantum observables, such as Wigner functions and tomographic-probability distributions. We present a tutorial consideration of the technique of obtaining minimal sets of dequantizers (quorum) related to the observable eigenvalues for one-qubit states. We discuss a generalization of the quantizer–dequantizer scheme on the example of spin-1/2 states. We consider the possibilities of extending the results to two-qubit systems using spin tomograms of the state density matrix.     

Electrons in a Nonideal Partially Degenerated Plasma with Multiple Ionization

We consider peculiarities in the behavior of free electrons in an extremely-dense hot plasma with multiple ionization and partial degeneration. In different ways, we exhibit the strong Coulomb coupling of electrons and ions in the behavior of low- and high-kinetic-energy electrons. As a result, a necessity arises to consider, along with classical fast Debye electrons, their complementary cellular group of electrons constantly interacting with central ions of cells. We discuss the distribution of free electrons between the two groups, along with the role of two-group effects, of a not point character of ions in electron-transfer processes, and the consequences of the X-ray emitting X-pinch hot spot for the plasma. The existence of the physical limits for X-pinch plasma compression is among those consequences.