激光声源特性研究及海洋应用

激光声作为水下声源的一种新的激发方法,具有高声强、窄脉冲、宽频谱等优点。基于激光声激发的线性及非线性理论,建立了激光声信号特性的初步模型,研究了激光在水中激发声波的特性,研究表明：在热膨胀激发状态,增大激光光强可以提高激光声的转换效率;光强大于击穿阈值后,激光声的激发机制为非线性的光击穿机制。激光声具有的高距离分辨能力和海洋抗干扰能力,对水下目标探测、空载平台等领域有着较广的应用前景。     

Coupling Distant Spins of Surface-State Electrons by Manipulating Their Collective Vibrations

The system of electrons on liquid helium is an interesting candidate to implement quantum computation, due to the long coherence times of the qubits encoded by the electronic spins. In order to implement the quantum logic operations between the spins, we propose here a configuration, similarly to the cooled ions in a trap, to couple the distant electrons via manipulating their center of mass （CM） vibrations. First, we show that the electrons could be confined in a common harmonic oscillator potential by using an electrostatic field. Then, with a single current pulse （applied on the micro-electrode below the liquid helium） the distant electronic spins can be coupled simultaneously to the CM mode. Finally, by adiabatically eliminating the CM mode, effective interaction between the distant spins is induced for implementing the desired quantum computing.     

石墨烯纳米带电极区N掺杂电子输运性质研究

运用密度泛函理论和非平衡格林函数结合的方法,研究电极区N掺杂对扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带电子输运特性的影响.结果表明,与本征扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带电流-电压曲线相比,宽度为7的石墨烯纳米带电流-电压曲线表现出明显的不对称性,其中心N掺杂表现强烈的整流特性,整流系数达到102数量级,且将N原子从电极区中心位置移动到边缘,整流特性减弱.研究结果表明宽度为7的扶手椅型石墨烯纳米带出现强整流现象的原因主要是负向偏压下能量窗内没有透射峰引起的,该研究结果对将来石墨烯整流器件的设计具有重要的意义.     

利用时间分辨Ar的K壳层发射光谱诊断内爆靶丸芯区电子温度的时间演化过程

在神光Ⅱ装置上的内爆实验中,通过在充氘气(D2)的靶丸中掺入氩(Ar)元素,利用晶体谱仪配条纹相机测量得到了内爆停滞阶段Ar的K壳层发射光谱随时间的变化。在实验中,观测到Ar的Heα,Heβ以及Lyα线发射,持续时间大约200ps。用Heα线与Lyα线强度比值来推断靶丸芯区电子温度。利用碰撞辐射模型,从理论上计算出Heα线与Lyα线强度比值随电子温度、数密度的变化。通过将实验上观测到的Heα线与Lyα线强度比与理论计算值相比较,获得了芯区电子温度随时间的演化。并计算比较了不同电子密度条件下推断出来的电子温度的差异,证明诊断电子温度的方法对电子数密度的变化不敏感。利用逃逸因子修正了自吸收效应,从计算的结果可以看出在目前的实验中Heα线和Lyα线是光学薄的。     

Combined optical dispersion by prism and arrayed waveguide grating with multiple diffraction orders for Raman spectrometer

A compact dispersive device for Raman spectrometer was proposed to achieve a spectrum resolution below 0.55 nm in the spectral range of 800 to 1000 nm. A 41-channel arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) with eleven different diffraction orders was designed, and each output channel of this AWG contained eleven light signals with periodically 20 nm spaced wavelength. These signals were further cross-dispersed by a prism, and finally form a 41 × 11 spots array on a CCD. The detailed theoretical analysis and simulation of this dispersive device were introduced in this paper. Compared with commercial dispersive modules composed of grating, lens, and mirrors, the proposed structure is able to provide a compact device with higher spectrum resolution, which is attractive for handheld Raman spectrometer.     

交叉分子束方法研究H+CH4和H+CD4反应:CH3/CD3的振动激发态产物通道

We study the H+CH₄/CD₄→H₂/HD+CH₃/CD₃ reactions using the time sliced velocity map ion imaging technique. Ion images of the CH₃/CD₃ products were measured by the (2+1) resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (REMPI) detection method. Besides the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, ion images of the vibrationally excited CH₃/CD₃ products were also observed at two collision energies of 0.72 and 1.06 eV. It is shown that the angular distribution of the products CH₃/CD₃ in vibrationally excited states gradually vary from backward scattering to sideways scattering as the collision energy increases. Compared to the CH₃/CD₃ products in the ground state, the CH₃/CD₃ products in vibrationally excited states tend to be more sideways scattered, indicating that larger impact parameters play a more important role in the vibrationally excited product channels.     

物理实验中最佳参量值的选取

许多物理实验中，一些参量要靠实验者本身去选择，参量的选取应以由此而产生的误差最小为标准，本文从误差分析入手，通过典型的实例，给出了选取最佳参量的一种方法。     

Analysis and Verification on the Chain-like Model with Normal Distribution of Magnetorheological Elastomer

在磁流变弹性体链化模型的基础上,引入斜链夹角的正态分布,采用偶极子法从理论上分析了诸多因素对磁流变弹性体磁致剪切模量的影响,包括颗粒链的初始倾斜角、外加磁场强度、剪应变大小等,并进行了实验验证.     

氧化石墨烯/壳聚糖复合薄膜材料的制备及其非线性光限幅效应的研究

石墨烯及其衍生物作为新型碳纳米结构,由于其优异的光限幅性能而受到广泛关注,但现有的工作多侧重于其在液相体系中光限幅效应及其起因研究.本文以壳聚糖为成膜基质,将氧化石墨烯(GO)与壳聚糖(CS)在液相中均匀共混后成膜,对比研究GO溶液和GO-CS复合膜的光限幅效应及其起因.结果表明在线性透过率相同的情况下,GO在固相基质中表现出比液相基质更强的光限幅效应和更弱的非线性散射.这说明不同于碳纳米管简单的非线性散射,在GO中可能存在多种非线性光学效应.