Synthesis of cyclosporin A-derived affinity reagents by olefin metathesis

[reaction: see text] New affinity reagents were synthesized using alkene metathesis to directly modify the MeBmt side chain of cyclosporin A. The reagents were used to detect novel cyclophilins from cellular extracts.     

How electron flow controls the thermochemistry of the addition of olefins to nickel dithiolenes: predictions by density functional theory

The reaction of a nickel dithiolene complex (1) and ethylene is a two-step process, in which the trans-product (2) forms first in the direct addition of the olefin to 1, while the more thermodynamically stable cis-product (3) involves isomerization of 2. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups (cyano or trifluoromethyl) not only significantly lowers the activation energy (TS1) for the formation of trans-product, but it also strongly stabilizes the products (2, 3) such that they are favored by the free energy. However, these substituents leave the barrier for the conformational transformation step (TS2) nearly unchanged. On reduction, the previously favored adduct is now strongly disfavored.     

掺镱双包层光纤放大器分布泵浦方式下的优化算法

 利用平均反转率迭代算法计算掺镱双包层光纤放大器分布泵浦方式下的稳态速率方程组，并采用遗传算法对分布泵浦功率的大小和每段光纤长度同时进行优化。评估函数中引入了每段光纤中最高温度的标准方差，以确保每段光纤中的最高工作温度是相同的。通过优化，7段泵浦的最高温度和标准方差分别为126.34 ℃和1.95 ℃ ，8段泵浦条件下的最高温度和标准方差分别为119.76 ℃和2.12 ℃。而未经优化的7段泵浦的最高温度和标准方差分别为147.12 ℃和21.37 ℃，8段泵浦条件下的最高温度和标准方差分别为139.95 ℃和20.83 ℃。计算结果表明：泵浦方式的优化降低了最高温度和标准方差，实现了光纤中温度分布的均匀性，并且通过增加泵浦段数可以进一步降低最高温度和平坦温度分布。     

全气相化学激光体系的直流放电研究

为了提高化学激光体系(AGIL)中F原子的产率，采用直流放电引发方式，对棒式电极的放电特性进行了研究。在对NF3/He混合气体进行解离时，通过选择不同平衡电阻，得到了3 kW左右的放电注入功率。用光谱分析仪对F原子产率进行了测量。通过拟合计算可得:一个NF3分子能够解离出1.3～1.5个F原子。     

Prediction of programmed-temperature retention values of naphthas by artificial neural networks

It is proposed for the first time a method of prediction of the programmed-temperature retention times of components of naphthas in capillary gas chromatography using artificial neural networks. People are used to predict the programmed-temperature retention time using many formulas such as the integral formula, which requires that four parameters must be determined by calculation or experiments. However the results obtained by the formula are not so good to meet the demand of industry. In order to predict retention time accurately and conveniently, artificial neural networks using five-fold cross-validation and leave-20%-out methods have been applied. Only two parameters: density and isothermal retention index were used as input vectors. The average RMS error for predicted values of five different networks was 0.18, whereas the RMS error of predictions by the integral formula was 0.69. Obviously, the predictions by neural networks were much better than predictions by the formula, and neural networks need fewer parameters than the formula. So neural networks can successfully and conveniently solve the problem of predictions of programmed-temperature retention times, and provide useful data for analysis of naphthas in petrochemical industry.     

Flow injection kinetic spectrophotometric determination of ascorbic acid based on an inhibiting effect

A rapid and sensitive flow-injection kinetic spectrophotometric method is proposed for the determination of ascorbic acid. The procedure is based on the inhibiting effect of ascorbic acid on the enhancing effect of oxalate on the potassium dichromate-potassium iodide/rhodamine 6G system. The detection limit and linear ranges are 0.08 and 0.10-4.00 microg/ml, respectively. The relative standard deviation of 11 replicate measurements is less than 2.0%. This method has been successfully used to determine ascorbic acid in pharmaceuticals, tomatoes and oranges.     

Gd掺杂对Bi2Sr2Ca1-xGdxCu2Oy单晶载流子浓度和各向异性电阻率的影响

系统地研究了Gd掺杂对Bi2Sr2Ca1-xGdxCu2Oy单晶超导电性及各向异性电阻率的影响.Tc满足Tc/Tc,max=1-82.6(ax+b)2,并随Gd含量的增加而下降,这是由于Gd掺杂引起载流子浓度减小所导致.在x≥0.19时,ρab(T)在Tc附近有类半导体行为,dρab/dT随Gd含量增大而增大.ρc(T)呈半导体行为,并可用唯象公式ρc(T)=(a/T)exp(Δ/T)+bT+c加以描述.电阻率各向异性ρc/ρab随掺杂浓度增大而增大.     

Lyapunov exponents,dual Lyapunov exponents,and multifractal analysis

It is shown that the multifractal property is shared by both Lyapunov exponents and dual Lyapunov exponents related to scaling functions of one-dimensional expanding folding maps. This reveals in a quantitative way the complexity of the dynamics determined by such maps. (c) 1999 American Institute of Physics.     

OSCILLATION FOR A CLASS OF LOGISTIC EQUATIONS

The oscillation of a delay difference equationis studied and the necessary and sufficient condition for all positive solutions of (E) to oscillate about its positive equilibrium is obtained.     

消费者连续统集合下一种投入产出经济的均衡和一般均衡价格

本给出了一个经济模型把跨期间的一般均衡理论和neo-Ricardian的生产价格理论联系起来，并改进了Roce-Anne Oana模型[1][2]。即把消费有限改变消费连续统，并在Rose-Anne Dana模型的基础上，加了条件C.4和C.7，得出了两个重要的结果：（1）在标准条件下，此模型有一均衡使得每一个生产的每期最大利润是相等的；（2）如考虑生产价格是稳定价格；且等于最大利润；则在适当的条件下，这样的价格系统是存在且唯一的，而所定义的均衡的非折扣的价格序列收敛于生产价格。因此均衡价格依赖于技术和消费特征，但在取极限时，有关价格仅依赖于技术。