叶片型线对离心油泵性能的影响

以65Y60型离心油泵为研究对象，研究了液体不同粘度下叶片型线对泵性能的影响。首先，利用本课题组独立开发的准三元叶片设计程序以反问题方式设计了两种型线。这两种型线叶片前半部分与原一元叶轮叶片的型线不同、后半部分与一元叶轮相同。然后在不同粘度下将三个叶轮进行性能对比实验。研究表明，叶片进口附近的型线的改变对泵性能有较大影响；适当增大叶轮后盖板流面上的叶片流体动力负荷有助于提高离心油泵输送粘油时的水力性能。     

Cultivating <Emphasis Type="BoldItalic">Chlorella</Emphasis> sp. in a Pilot-Scale Photobioreactor Using Centrate Wastewater for Microalgae Biomass Production and Wastewater Nutrient Removal

This study is concerned with a novel mass microalgae production system which, for the first time, uses “centrate”, a concentrated wastewater stream, to produce microalgal biomass for energy production. Centrate contains a high level of nutrients that support algal growth. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth characteristics of a locally isolated microalgae strain Chlorella sp. in centrate and its ability to remove nutrients from centrate. A pilot-scale photobioreactor (PBR) was constructed at a local wastewater treatment plant. The system was tested under different harvesting rates and exogenous CO₂ levels with the local strain of Chlorella sp. Under low light conditions (25 μmol·m^-2s^-1) the system can produce 34.6 and 17.7 g·m^-2day^-1 biomass in terms of total suspended solids and volatile suspended solids, respectively. At a one fourth harvesting rate, reduction of chemical oxygen demand, total Kjeldahl nitrogen, and soluble total phosphorus were 70%, 61%, and 61%, respectively. The addition of CO₂ to the system did not exhibit a positive effect on biomass productivity or nutrient removal in centrate which is an organic carbon rich medium. The unique PBR system is highly scalable and provides a great opportunity for biomass production coupled with wastewater treatment.     

Electric-field response of discotic hexabenzocoronene (HBC) liquid crystals

A HBC derivative bearing six branched, space-demanding, alkyl side chains containing ether linkages has been synthesized and its thermotropic properties were investigated by polarization optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To our surprise, this molecule can respond to electric fields, and the influences of alternating current (AC) and directing current (DC) electric field on the assembly of this molecule in liquid crystal cells were discussed.     

Controllable synthesis of aniline oligomers into uniform, dispersed cross and needle morphologies

Two kinds of homogeneously dispersed aniline oligomer assemblies, namely "cross" and "needle" morphologies, can be conveniently synthesized on a large scale in a near-neutral aqueous medium using sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The effects of oxidant type, premixing time, amount of SDS, monomer concentration, and temperature on the final morphology were investigated in detail. A possible mechanism for the formation of both "cross" and "needle" structures is given.     

Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Deactivation Mechanism of Ag3PO4 Spherical Particles

Ag₃PO₄ spherical particles were synthesized by a facile precipitation method using silver nitrate and Na₂HPO₄ as precursors. The as‐prepared samples had a high photocatalytic activity toward Rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible‐light illumination. With increasing recycling times the photocatalytic activity first increased and then decreased. Based on systematic characterization of particles by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a possible mechanism responsible for the improvement and subsequent decline of the photocatalytic performance of Ag₃PO₄ is proposed. Ag₃PO₄ spherical particles recycled for four times showed the highest photocatalytic activity because, according to our mechanism, Ag nanoparticles deposited on Ag₃PO₄ acted as electron trapping centers to prevent photogenerated electron‐hole pairs from recombination. A further increase in the recycle times decreases the photocatalytic activity owing to the shielding effect by Ag layers on the surface of Ag₃PO₄. The results presented herein shed new light on the photostability of Ag₃PO₄ spherical particles and are potentially applicable to other photocatalytically active composites.     

增益模块长高比对输出功率和提取效率的影响

为了得到HF化学激光器的增益发生器较佳的模块尺寸,研究了增益模块长高比对输出功率及放大级提取效率的影响。使用基于变换坐标系的有限差分方法,计算了主振荡功率放大器（MOPA）结构HF激光器不同增益模块长高比条件下的主振荡器输出功率、放大级提取效率及经放大后的输出功率。计算结果表明:对于MOPA结构HF激光器而言,当增益体积一定、小信号增益曲线相同时,随着增益模块长高比的减小,主振荡器输出功率和经放大级放大后的输出功率将有所增加,但放大级的能量提取效率将降低;当增益模块长高比已经较小(小于５)时,进一步降低长高比对激光器输出功率和放大级提取效率的影响微弱。     

框架结构损伤的检测诊断与评估方法研究

通过构造以损伤参数为未知量的超定非线性方程组,提出了3种改进的框架结构损伤的检测、诊断、评估方法——改进的一阶迭代法、改进的混合迭代法、改进的动静结合法。通过对框架结构损伤识别的数值模拟分析可以得出:在单柱或梁发生20%及以下损伤的情况下,动静结合法、一阶迭代法、混合迭代法均能较好地识别出损伤的位置与程度。在求解40%及以上的损伤或者多处梁柱损伤时,一阶迭代法和混合迭代法分别只经过25次迭代和22次迭代就达到设定的10-8迭代误差而收敛停止计算,均能准确地识别出损伤单元的位置与损伤程度;与一阶迭代法相比,混合迭代算法由于采用了精确度较高的二阶非线性解析解作为迭代修正的初值,因而迭代修正精度更高,收敛性更好;动静结合法由于结合了结构的动态信息和静态信息,识别精度与混合迭代算法接近且减少了运算时间,并且通过提高计算中所使用的模态阶数可大大提高其识别精度。     

光束变换环形孔径有源激光谐振腔模式的数值模拟

建立了燃烧驱动环柱型高能化学激光器环形增益介质的五种分布模型,使用差分和积分相结合的方法计算了束变换环孔腔在不同增益分布和折射率分布时的模式特征,研究了增益分布和折射率分布对束变换环孔腔输出性能的影响,结果表明束变换环孔腔在不同的增益介质及折射率分布情况下,仍然可以保持良好的输出光束质量,很高的提取效率,在化学激光器增益流存在激波扰动的情况下,输出光场的施特雷尔比仍达到0．8991,同时腔镜上光强分布较为均匀,可以避免镜面因热应力分布不均匀而造成镜面变形和破坏。该腔不但适用于高能化学激光器,也可以用于高能固体激光器,起到克服固体增益介质热畸变与热应力的作用,可获得优良的输出光束质量。     

反向基因转染技术的最近研究进展

随着基因治疗研究的深入,基因转染技术得到了长足的发展。在反向基因转染概念被提出来的十余年间,反向基因转染技术也引起了广泛关注。反向基因转染技术是相对于常规转染而言的,即首先通过基质锚定DNA(或RNA),然后将细胞接种于该基质表面,细胞贴附的同时摄取锚定的DNA(或RNA)而实现基因转染,因而也被称为表面介导基因转染、基质介导基因转染、固相基因转染。与传统转染方法相比,其具备以下优势:载体/DNA(或RNA)复合物更加稳定,转染试剂可以更有效地接触细胞而达到更高的转染效率,低的细胞毒性和血清环境中不影响转染效率等。本文主要综述了反向转染技术的最新研究进展及其主要应用领域。     

半导体纳米催化剂的结构调控及其光还原CO2的研究进展

光催化还原CO₂为碳氢燃料常被称为人工光合成技术,是21世纪的梦幻技术之一,越来越受到研究者的重视。本文综述了作者课题组在调控半导体纳米催化剂的结构及其光催化还原CO₂为碳氢燃料的一些进展。