射流式水冷镜换热性能及在高能化学激光器中的应用

加工了射流式水冷铜镜模型,采用红外热像仪测量了冷却过程中镜面温度分布云图,证明了射流式水冷镜冷却的均匀性。采用热电偶较精确地测量了铜镜冷却过程中镜面温度的变化,实验结果与数值模拟吻合较好,验证了射流式水冷镜数值模型的可靠性。结合高能化学激光器中水冷镜实际情况,对直线沟槽型水冷镜和射流式水冷镜的形变特性进行了分析。计算结果表明,高能化学激光器水冷镜必须承压加工才能使用,射流式水冷镜可以很好地应用于高能化学激光器。此外,进一步分析了冷却孔直径和数量这两个参数对大口径射流式水冷镜形变的影响,结果表明:在孔数一定的情况下,采用更大口径的冷却孔,镜面冷却速度快、镜面最大温度低,可以获得更小的镜面形变;采用更多的冷却孔可以获得更好的冷却效果。     

Zinc Ion Uniquely Induced Triple Shape Memory Effect of Dipole–Dipole Reinforced Ultra‐High Strength Hydrogels

In this study, we demonstrate that dipole–dipole interaction can be employed to not only tremendously enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogel, but also impart the gel to an amazing ability to memorize two temporary shapes. Cross‐linked hydrogels synthesized by copolymerization of acrylonitrile, a dipole–dipole containing monomer and hydrophilic comonomer are shown to exhibit triple shape memory (SM) triggered by the dynamic association and dissociation of dipole–dipole pairing between cynao groups uniquely responding to zinc ion species and concentration. This approach contributes to design and fabrication of novel SM hydrogels in a distinct way from conventional SM materials.     

关于(a,a,b)类型的三维除数问题

本文研究（ａ,ａ,ｂ）类型的三维除数问题,通过把此问题和熟知的Ｄｉｒｉｃｈｌｅｔ问题相联系并估计余项的新形式,我们得到了更好的结果。     

On the Average Number of Unitary Factors of Finite Abelian Groups (II)

Let t(G) be the number of unitary factors of finite abelian group G. In this paper we prove T(x)=∑ _|G|≤x t(G) = main terms for any exponent pair (κ1/2 + 2κ), which improves on the exponent 9/25 obtained by Xiaodong Cao and the author. Received December 8, 1998, Revised April 27, 1998, Accepted June 12, 1998     

由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法

提出了由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法,探讨了该方法的理论依据,分析、归纳出了等电子分子系列中原子轨道杂化方式的周期性变化规律。     

DNA体外缩合的研究进展

DNA缩合不仅是自然界常见的生理现象,也是非病毒载体介导基因转染的关键步骤。了解DNA体外缩合的性质与特征,将有助于设计出高效的非病毒转基因载体。本文综述了近十几年来以多价阳离子为缩合剂诱发的DNA体外缩合的研究进展,着重介绍了缩合的机理、过程、影响缩合的因素以及应用于转基因的最新成果。     

壳聚糖及其疏水衍生物自缔合行为

过去几十年里,有关疏水改性聚电解质的理论和应用研究取得了长足的进展,通常认为其不同寻常的流变及溶解特性是由疏水基团的分子间或分子内相互作用产生的.本文综述了近年来有关壳聚糖及脱氧胆酸、烷基化和棕榈酰改性壳聚糖衍生物自缔合性质的研究进展,并简要介绍它们在药物释放和转基因领域的应用研究.     

固体氧化物燃料电池La0.7Sr0.3Cr1-xMnxO3-δ阳极性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了La0.7Sr0.3Cr1-xMnxO3-δ(x=0.3,0.4,0.5,0.6)系列阳极粉体。在1000℃下焙烧后,XRD结果显示粉体物相为单一的钙钛矿相。制备以La0.7Sr0.3Cr1-xMnxO3-δ为阳极,Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(SDC)为电解质,Pr0.6Sr0.4Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ-SDC复合阴极的电解质支撑型固体氧化物燃料单电池。由扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察表明单电池电解质致密,阳极孔径分布均匀,厚度约为20μm,多孔阴极厚度为10μm。采用直流四电极法测试以La0.7Sr0.3Cr0.5Mn0.5O3-δ为阳极用湿氢气作燃料时在800℃下获得最大输出功率为232.84 mW.cm-2,短路电流为0.92 A.cm-2。     

Interface Engineering in Two‐Dimensional Heterostructures: Towards an Advanced Catalyst for Ullmann Couplings

The design of advanced catalysts for organic reactions is of profound significance. During such processes, electrophilicity and nucleophilicity play vital roles in the activation of chemical bonds and ultimately speed up organic reactions. Herein, we demonstrate a new way to regulate the electro‐ and nucleophilicity of catalysts for organic transformations. Interface engineering in two‐dimensional heteronanostructures triggered electron transfer across the interface. The catalyst was thus rendered more electropositive, which led to superior performance in Ullmann reactions. In the presence of the engineered 2D Cu₂S/MoS₂ heteronanostructure, the coupling of iodobenzene and para‐chlorophenol gave the desired product in 92 % yield under mild conditions (100 °C). Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability as well as high recyclability with a yield of 89 % after five cycles. We propose that interface engineering could be widely employed for the development of new catalysts for organic reactions.     

由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化

提出了由分子的价电子总数判断中心原子轨道杂化方式的方法,探讨了该方法的理论依据,分析、归纳出了等电子分子系列中原子轨道杂化方式的周期性变化规律.