柚子皮衍生类蜂窝状碳材料在同步检测重金属离子中的应用

不含金属的碳材料通过廉价且易获得的柚子皮经KOH活化和高温热解获得,该碳材料具有高比表面积(1 055 m~2·g~(-1))和高石墨化程度的类蜂窝状结构。将多孔碳(PAC)材料修饰后的电极作为工作电极,采用阳极溶出伏安法(SWASV)同步检测Cd~(2+)、Pb~(2+)和Cu~(2+)离子,表现出较高的灵敏度、可重复性、稳定性和较低的检测限。研究认为PAC的微孔和中孔可以充当有效的离子传递通道,从而加速离子的扩散并显著提高交换效率,而高的石墨化程度提高了材料的导电性,加速了电子传输。     

Synthesis of CuS@CoS2 Double‐Shelled Nanoboxes with Enhanced Sodium Storage Properties

Metal sulfides have received considerable attention for efficient sodium storage owing to their high capacity and decent redox reversibility. However, the poor rate capability and fast capacity decay greatly hinder their practical application in sodium‐ion batteries. Herein, an elegant multi‐step templating strategy has been developed to rationally synthesize hierarchical double‐shelled nanoboxes with the CoS₂ nanosheet‐constructed outer shell supported on the CuS inner shell. Their structure and composition enable these hierarchical CuS@CoS₂ nanoboxes to show boosted electrochemical properties with high capacity, outstanding rate capability, and long cycle life.     

Pt Nanoparticle‐modified Carbon Fiber Microelectrode for Selective Electrochemical Sensing of Hydrogen Peroxide

We report a simple approach to the production of carbon fiber‐based amperometric microbiosensors for selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which was achieved by electrometallization of carbon fiber microelectrodes (CFMs) by electrodeposition of Pt nanoparticles. The Pt‐carbon hybrid sensing interface provided a sensitivity of 7711±587 μA ? mM^?1 ? cm^?2, a detection limit of 0.53±0.16 μM (S/N=3), a linear range of 0.8 μM–8.6 mM, and a response time of <2 sec. The morphologies of the Pt nanoparticle‐modified CFMs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. To achieve selectivity, permseletive layers, polyphenylenediamine (PPD) and Nafion, were deposited resulting in exclusion of the anionic and cationic interferents, ascorbic acid and dopamine, respectively, at their physiologically relevant concentrations. The resultant sensors displayed a sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide of 1381±72 μA ? mM^?1 ? cm^?2, and a detection limit of 0.86±0.19 μM (S/N=3). This simple and rapid metallization method converts carbon fiber microelectrodes, which are readily accessible, to microscale Pt electrodes in 2 min, providing a platform for oxidase‐based amperometric biosensors with improved spatial resolution over more commonly used platinum electrode array microprobes.     

联萘酚多氢键硫脲催化合成1,4-二氢吡啶衍生物

本文合成了三种具有多氢键的联萘酚轴手性硫脲催化剂,并将其用于催化合成1,4-二氢吡啶衍生物。结果显示,所合成的新型多氢键硫脲均表现出较好的催化作用,能有效地提高1,4-二氢吡啶衍生物的收率和对映选择性。所有新化合物结构均经过~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、IR、熔点等表征所确认。     

Rationally Designed Three‐Layered Cu2S@Carbon@MoS2 Hierarchical Nanoboxes for Efficient Sodium Storage

Hybrid materials, integrating the merits of individual components, are ideal structures for efficient sodium storage. However, the construction of hybrid structures with decent physical/electrochemical properties is still challenging. Now, the elaborate design and synthesis of hierarchical nanoboxes composed of three‐layered Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries is reported. Through a facile multistep template‐engaged strategy, ultrathin MoS₂ nanosheets are grown on nitrogen‐doped carbon‐coated Cu₂S nanoboxes to realize the Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ configuration. The design shortens the diffusion path of electrons/Na⁺ ions, accommodates the volume change of electrodes during cycling, enhances the electric conductivity of the hybrids, and offers abundant active sites for sodium uptake. By virtue of these advantages, these three‐layered Cu₂S@carbon@MoS₂ hierarchical nanoboxes show excellent electrochemical properties in terms of decent rate capability and stable cycle life.     

我国油料产品品质的近红外光谱快速检测技术研究进展

近红外光谱技术是一种快速无损检测技术,具有操作简单、检测成本低、无需化学试剂、绿色环保,以及可实现多品质参数同步检测等优点。该文综述了我国油料和食用植物油品质的近红外光谱速测技术研究进展,包括油料含油量、粗蛋白含量、脂肪酸含量等品质指标,食用油的理化指标,以及脂肪酸和食用油的真实性鉴别,并对油料产品品质的近红外光谱速测技术的发展前景进行了展望。     

近红外光谱技术结合4种算法分析尾巨桉-马占相思制浆原料的混合程度与主化学成分

为缓解我国木浆供应压力,满足混合原料制浆的实际需求,该文进行了近红外光谱快速分析混合制浆原料的研究。采集145个人为控制尾巨桉含量的尾巨桉-马占相思混合样品的近红外光谱,用常规方法测定其综纤维素、聚戊糖、Klason木质素含量。对原始光谱进行一阶导数与标准正态变换预处理后,分别运用偏最小二乘法、支持向量机法、人工神经网络法和LASSO算法建立尾巨桉、综纤维素、聚戊糖、Klason木质素含量分析模型。其中LASSO法建立的尾巨桉和综纤维素含量分析模型最优,预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为1.80%、0.60%;绝对偏差(AD)分别为-3.03%~3.17%、-1.03%~0.98%,模型性能可满足较精确的快速分析。偏最小二乘法建立的聚戊糖含量分析模型最优,RMSEP为0.75%,AD为-1.26%~1.33%;支持向量机法建立的Klason木质素含量分析模型最优,RMSEP为0.48%,AD为-0.82%~0.86%,两个模型性能适用于非精确性的分析。该研究为混合制浆原料的快速分析提供了可能,同时也证实了LASSO算法的适用性。     

钛酸锶光催化剂的改性研究进展

钛酸锶（SrTiO3）光催化剂是一种钙钛矿型三元氧化物,具有较强的氧化还原能力、良好的物理化学稳定性及环境友好等特点,在光催化各领域得到了广泛应用,如制氢/降解/光电催化等。SrTiO3对太阳光的利用率较低,且其本征光催化活性受光生载流子分离效率等因素限制,阻碍了实际应用。针对以上问题,将围绕国内外SrTiO3改性研究的现状进行综述,主要从掺杂、负载、复合改性等方面进行陈述。最后,对高效稳定SrTiO3光催化剂的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

氮掺杂鸡毛碳点荧光关开探针用于测定百草枯

以鸡毛和乙二胺为碳源和氮源,通过一步水热法合成强荧光性能的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs),并优化其制备和掺杂条件。该碳量子点具有良好的光学、结构性质和稳定性,平均粒径7.89 nm,荧光量子产率为14%。最大激发波长为320 nm,最大发射波长为386 nm。Hg²⁺存在条件下N-CQDs溶液的荧光被猝灭(关),添加百草枯后猝灭的荧光被恢复(开)。通过N-CQDs/Hg²⁺体系设计了荧光"关-开"方法,在最佳条件下,百草枯在0.05~1.0μg/mL范围内具有良好的线性,线性方程为ΔF=92.41X+123.31(R²=0.9989),检出限为16μg/L,加标回收率为95.3%~104.4%,RSD<3.8%。以鸡毛为原料制备的高选择性和灵敏性的荧光"关-开"探针方法可有效检测实际样品中的百草枯。     

酞菁铁中N4-Fe2+的氧化还原化学和氧还原性能

准确理解金属大环配合物(如N4-Fe²⁺)体系的氧化还原化学性能,对氧还原反应(ORR)电催化剂的基础研究和合理设计具有重要意义.本文采用微波法将三种不同酞菁铁类金属大环配合物吸附在碳纳米管上,分别记为(NH2)4FePc@CNTs,(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs和FePc@CNTs,考察了取代基对Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺氧化还原电位的影响,以及碱性介质中的氧还原反应催化活性.结果表明,FePc@CNTs,(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs和(NH2)4FePc@CNTs的ORR起始电位分别为0.98,0.96和0.96 V,而半波电位(E1/2)由高到低的顺序为FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.91 V),(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.87 V),(NH2)4FePc@CNTs(E1/2=0.83 V).与20%Pt/C(E1/2=0.85 V)相比,FePc@CNTsFePc@CNTs具有优异的ORR性能.在活性、稳定性和耐甲醇性方面,FePc@CNTs复合材料比其他复合材料表现出更高的ORR性能.研究发现,FePc上的供电子基团可以显著改变N4-Fe²⁺活性位点的电子云密度,增加dz 2轨道(HOMO)的能量,并观察到Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺氧化还原电位显著向阴极方向移动.结果表明,取代基的高电子贡献能力降低了HOMO和LUMO(O2的杂轨道*-轨道)之间的电子耦合,从而降低了氧还原催化活性.因此,FePc框架外围的供电子基团对ORR不利.本文阐明了取代基电子效应-金属大环配合物氧化还原电位与ORR催化性能之间的关系,为ORR催化剂活性中心的构建和调控提供了借鉴.