在盐的水溶液中非电解质活度系数的研究(Ⅺ)——正丙酸和正丁酸在苯和盐水溶液间的分配

在25℃下分别测定正丙酸和正丁酸在苯相和纯水相中的分配比,以及在苯相和盐水溶液中的分配比,从而求出酸的活度系数。所用的盐有氯化锂、氯化钠、氯化钾、氯化锶、氯化钡、溴化锂、溴化钠、溴化钾等八种。对弱酸算出了未解离部分的活度系数。在所用盐浓度(0-1mol/l)范围内,作lgf_u-C_s图,都呈直线。比较直线的斜率,对正丙酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>LiCl≈NaCl>LiBr≈NaBr>KCl>KBr。对正了酸为:SrCl₂>BaCl₂>NaCl≈LiC₁>NaBr≈KCl≈LiBr>KBr.指出小离子盐对小脂肪酸盐效应主要是静电力作用。     

钙对氟污染酸性土壤的改良效应

对珠三角典型土壤（潮土和水稻土）加入一系列硝酸钙、氧化钙和碳酸钙进行室内培养,采用连续化学提取方法对原土及添加上述成分后各种形态氟进行提取,并采用极谱测定方法进行检测,研究各形态的转化行为。试验结果表明：加入氧化钙和碳酸钙可使两种土壤pH值明显上升,有利于改善土壤酸性;但使两种土壤有效态氟（水溶态氟、可交换态氟）含量上升,而铁锰结合态氟总体下降。故氧化钙不适用于该类高氟土的酸性改良,而碳酸钙的适用性则由土壤理化性质决定。硝酸钙的加入使各形态氟含量均呈下降趋势,在施用剂量大于20mg／25g时,对土壤中有效态氟有较好的抑制作用,但对土壤酸化没有改善。     

Soft‐Chemical Exfoliation Route to Layered Cobalt Oxide Monolayers and Its Application for Film Deposition and Nanoparticle Synthesis

A colloidal suspension of exfoliated, layered cobalt oxide nanosheets has been synthesized through the intercalation of quaternary tetramethylammonium ions into protonated lithium cobalt oxide. According to atomic force microscopy, exfoliated nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide show a plateau‐like height profile with nanometer‐level height, underscoring the formation of unilamellar 2D nanosheets. The exfoliation of layered cobalt oxide was cross‐confirmed by X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The maintenance of the hexagonal in‐plane structure of the cobalt oxide lattice after the exfoliation process was evidenced by selected‐area electron diffraction and Co K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis. The zeta‐potential measurements clearly demonstrated the negative surface charge of cobalt oxide nanosheets. Adopting the nanosheets of layered cobalt oxide as a precursor, we were able to prepare the monodisperse CoO nanocrystals with a particle size of ≈10 nm as well as the heterolayered film composed of cobalt oxide monolayer and polycation.     

A Microbial Sensor Based on Direct Electron Transfer at Shewanella Sp. Drop‐Coated Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrodes

Aerobically grown Shewanella sp. bacterial suspension drop‐coated on a disposable screen‐printed carbon electrode was found to possess electroactivity without the aid of redox mediator. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed the characteristics of a mixed diffusion adsorption‐controlled electrochemical process for direct electron transfer at the bacteria‐modified electrode. Both FE‐SEM and ATR FT‐IR experiments were carried out to investigate the surface characteristics. The electroanalytical applicability was further demonstrated for electrocatalytic reduction of arsenite, hydrogen peroxide and nitrite. Low cost and very simple manufacturing procedure allow for the proposed bacterial sensor to be applied as disposable devices.     

Two New Neolignans from the Stems of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. var. alashanensis

Two new neolignans, syripinnalignins A and B ( 1 and 2 , resp.), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl . var. alashanensis. The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HR‐ESI‐MS, and extensive 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR techniques.     

Urea-based polyacetylenes as an optical sensor for fluoride ions

Novel acetylenes carrying urea groups, 1-(4-ethynylphenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) urea (1), 1-(4-propargyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl) urea (2), were synthesized and polymerized with rhodium catalyst. Polymers [poly(1) and poly(2)] with moderate molecular weights were obtained in good yields. The anion sensing ability of poly(1) and poly(2) was estimated using the tetra-n-butylammonium (TBA) salts of a series of anions in DMF. Upon the addition of F-, the color of the DMF solution of poly(1) and poly(2) immediately turned to a different color, while the color of solution changed slightly upon addition of Cl-, HSO4-, Br-, and NO3-, indicating the F- sensing ability of poly(1) and poly(2). The 1H-NMR titrations of poly(1) revealed that the colorimetric response of poly(1) was triggered by the urea/F- interaction through the hydrogen bonding and/or deprotonation process. The absorption spectra titration and Hill plot analysis were carried out to measure the F- binding ability, and the Hill coefficient in the poly(1)/F- complexation was found to be 5.8. This result clearly indicated that this binding mode between poly(1) and F- was based on a positive homotropic allosterism.     

Combined effect of chemically compound graphene oxide‐calcium pimelate on crystallization behavior,morphology and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene

The combined nucleation effect of graphene oxide (GO) and calcium pimelate (CaPi) which are chemically compound together (expressed in GO ? CaPi) in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) verified that CaPi was chemically compound with GO by chelate bonds. The crystallization behavior and crystalline morphologies of iPP nucleated with different mass ratio of GO and CaPi were investigated. The crystallization peak temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.2 wt% GO ? CaPi with the mass ratio of 1:5 (GO1 ? C5) was increased by 8.3°C when compared with that of pure iPP, and the relative content of β‐crystal reached up to 0.7962. Whereas, the crystallization peak temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.2 wt% GO and CaPi which are blended together by mechanical force (expressed in GO + CaPi) with the mass ratio of 1:5 (GO1 + C5) was only increased by 5.0°C. It was attributed to that the aggregation of GO + CaPi caused the decrease of the crystallization peak temperature, while the GO1 ? C5 uniformly dispersed in the iPP matrix. Unexpectedly, the relative content of β‐crystal of iPP nucleated with 0.02 wt% GO1 ? C5 reached up to 0.8094, and the crystallization peak temperature was increased by 6.7°C compared with that of pure iPP. Meanwhile, the impact strength, tensile strength and heat deflection temperature of iPP nucleated with 0.02 wt% GO1 ? C5 increased by almost 45.86%, 2.03% and 7.7°C, respectively. The iPP nucleated with GO1 ? C5 obtained a balance between stiffness and toughness and the thermo‐mechanical property of nucleated iPP was improved.