确定性矩阵可分离压缩成像

针对可分离压缩传感使用的可分离随机正交矩阵在处理大尺度图像等高维信号感知时难度太大或成本过高的问题,引入确定性测量矩阵,提出确定性矩阵可分离压缩传感,可将如托普利兹矩阵及循环矩阵等具有确定性结构的矩阵作为可分离压缩传感的左、右可分离矩阵.该方案可以降低独立元素的数目,从而显著降低前端物理实现的难度与成本.数值模拟实验分别评估了该方法在不同采样率及不同图像尺寸下的压缩重建性能,结果表明该方法在独立元素非常少的情形下得到与原随机正交矩阵相近的重建质量,证明了其可行性.     

冷藏陈列柜相变蓄冷搁架的强化传热特性研究

为了降低冷藏陈列柜在融霜过程中食品温度的上升和改善柜内温度场分布,设计了带有相变蓄冷材料的热管型搁架,研究其传热性能。结果发现:热管改善了蓄冷搁架前后方向的传热性能,但左右两侧温度分布不均匀。针对此问题提出了在蓄冷搁架内添加肋片进行强化传热,研究结果表明:在蓄冷搁架中添加肋片可以使搁架温度场均匀性得到改善,显著提高蓄冷搁架的蓄冷速率。     

Electrochemiluminescence Sensor for Selective Preconcentration and Sensitive Detection of Napropamide Using Water‐Soluble Sulfonated Graphene

A novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensor for napropamide determination was prepared using the water‐soluble sulfonated graphene (sulfonated‐G) as solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) material, based on selective preconcentration of target onto an electrode and followed by luminol ECL detection. The effects of pH, adsorption time, buffer solution and the luminescence agent on ECL intensity were optimized. Under the optimized conditions (pH 6; adsorption time 5 min; buffer solution pH 11.0 Na₂CO₃ aHCO₃; luminescence agent luminol; stirring speed 400 rpm), the lowest detection limits (1.0 µg L⁻¹) and good linear range (r²≥0.99) were obtained for the analyte, indicating the superior performance of Nafion/sulfonated‐G/GCE for detecting napropamide.     

CuO–ZnO Micro/Nanoporous Array‐Film‐Based Chemosensors: New Sensing Properties to H2S

CuO–ZnO micro/nanoporous array‐films are synthesized by transferring a solution‐dipped self‐organized colloidal template onto a device substrate and sequent heat treatment. Their morphologies and structures are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectrum analysis. Based on the sensing measurement, it is found that the CuO–ZnO films prepared with the composition of [Cu²⁺]/[Zn²⁺]=0.005, 0.01, and 0.05 all show a nice sensitivity to 10 ppm H₂S. Interestingly, three different zones exist in the patterns of gas responses versus H₂S concentrations: a platform zone, a rapidly increasing zone, and a slowly increasing zone. Further experiments show that the hybrid CuO–ZnO porous film sensor exhibits shorter recovery time and better selectivity to H₂S gas against other interfering gases at a concentration of 10 ppm. These new sensing properties may be due to a depletion layer induced by p–n junction between p‐type CuO and n‐type ZnO and high chemical activity of CuO to H₂S. This work will provide a new construction route of ZnO‐based sensing materials, which can be used as H₂S sensors with high performances.     

Au/TiO2 nanotube catalysts prepared by combining sol–gel method with hydrothermal treatment and their catalytic properties for CO oxidation

A new preparation method for Au/TiO₂ nanotubes (NTs) by combing sol–gel with hydrothermal treatment technique was developed. The TiO₂ NTs calcined at 300 °C were nearly uniform, and the gold particles were distributed homogeneously. The possible formation mechanism was suggested. The 5 % Au/TiO₂ NTs calcined at 300 °C had the best catalytic activity for CO oxidation, and their conversion of CO remained at 100 % during 60 h on stream. This preparation method could improve the thermal stability of Au/TiO₂ nanotube catalysts.     

An E1-Catalyzed Chemoenzymatic Strategy to Isopeptide-N-Ethylated Deubiquitylase-Resistant Ubiquitin Probes

Triazole-based deubiquitylase (DUB)-resistant ubiquitin (Ub) probes have recently emerged as effective tools for the discovery of Ub chain-specific interactors in proteomic studies, but their structural diversity is limited. A new family of DUB-resistant Ub probes is reported based on isopeptide-N-ethylated dimeric or polymeric Ub chains, which can be efficiently prepared by a one-pot, ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1)-catalyzed condensation reaction of recombinant Ub precursors to give various homotypic and even branched Ub probes at multi-milligram scale. Proteomic studies using label-free quantitative (LFQ) MS indicated that the isopeptide-N-ethylated Ub probes may complement the triazole-based probes in the study of Ub interactome. Our study highlights the utility of modern protein synthetic chemistry to develop structurally and new families of tool molecules needed for proteomic studies.     

Reactivity and Lability Modulated by a Valence Electron Moving in and out of 25-Atom Gold Nanoclusters

The emergence of atomically precise metal nanoclusters with unique electronic structures provides access to currently inaccessible catalytic challenges at the single-electron level. We investigate the catalytic behavior of gold Au₂₅(SR)₁₈ nanoclusters by monitoring an incoming and outgoing free valence electron of Au 6s¹. Distinct performances are revealed: Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁻ is generated upon donation of an electron to neutral Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁰ and this is associated with a loss in reactivity, whereas Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁺ is generated from dislodgment of an electron from neutral Au₂₅(SR)₁₈⁰ with a loss in stability. The reactivity diversity of the three Au₂₅(SR)₁₈ clusters stems from different affinities with reactants and the extent of intramolecular charge migration during the reactions, which are closely associated with the valence occupancies of the clusters varied by one electron. The stability difference in the three clusters is attributed to their different equilibria, which are established between the AuSR dissociation and polymerization influenced by one electron.     

Asymmetric synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles via organocatalytic[3 + 2] annulation of substituted 2-vinylindoles with azlactones

The chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric[3+2]annulation of substituted 2-vinylindoles with azlactones has been established.This reaction represented a practical approach for the synthesis of structurally diverse pyrrolo[1,2-a]indoles with two vicinal stereocenters including one tetrasubstituted stereocenter in good yields and good stereoselectivities under mild conditions.     

Determination of sulfadimethoxine in milk with aptamer‐functionalized Fe3O4/graphene oxide as magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent prior to HPLC

An aptamer (Apt) functionalized magnetic material was prepared by covalently link Apt to Fe₃O₄/graphene oxide (Fe₃O₄/GO) composite by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride and N‐hydroxysuccinimide, and then characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, and vibration sample magnetometry. The obtained composite of Fe₃O₄/GO/Apt was employed as magnetic solid‐phase extraction adsorbent for the selective preconcentration of sulfadimethoxine prior to analysis by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Under the optimal conditions (sample pH of 4.0, sorbent dosage of 20 mg, extraction time of 3 h, and methanol‐5% acetic acid solution as eluent), a good linear relationship was obtained between the peak area and concentration of sulfadimethoxine in the range of 5.0 to 1500.0 µg/L with correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 3.3 µg/L. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of sulfadimethoxine in milk with recoveries in the range of 75.9‐92.3% and relative standard deviations less than 8.1%. The adsorption mechanism of Fe₃O₄/GO/Apt toward sulfadimethoxine was studied through the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms, and the results show that the adsorption process fits well with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and the adsorbate on Fe₃O₄/GO/Apt is multilayer and heterogeneous.