Pulse broadening of the femtosecond pulses in a Gaussian beam passing an angular disperser

A general analytical formula has been found to describe the evolution of the pulse width of the femtosecond pulses in a Gaussian beam after passing an angular disperser without the assumption of well collimation. This formula is experimentally verified by measuring the pulse width with an autocorrelator based on two-photon absorption. It is found that the effect of the spectral lateral walk-off and group delay dispersion on the pulse-width evolution, and its dependence on the distance traveled, are substantially different when the beam has not been well collimated than from when it has been collimated. These differences result from the decaying nature of the angular dispersion of the Gaussian beam sent across a distance.     

Inverse temperature dependence of strain hardening in ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene: role of lamellar coupling and entanglement density

Irradiation of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) with a dose of 150 kGy by an electron beam can effectively increase the entanglement density in the amorphous phase and has little influence on the properties of the crystalline phase, which provides examples to comparatively investigate the role of lamellar coupling and entanglement density in determining the strain-hardening effect in semicrystalline polymers. The strain-hardening modulus, deduced from the Haward plots of true stress-strain curves, is inversely temperature-dependent and has a sharp transition around 65 degrees C that corresponds to the mechanical alphaI-process of the crystalline phase for both nonirradiated and irradiated samples, irrespective of the entanglement density in the amorphous phase. Lamellar coupling takes more effect in determining the strain-hardening behavior before the mechanical alphaI-process is activated. With further increasing temperature, lamellar coupling becomes weaker and the role of the entangled amorphous phase is gradually presented. However, the same temperature dependence of the strain-hardening modulus in both nonirradiated and irradiated samples indicates that the strain-hardening behavior in semicrystalline polymer is mostly determined by lamellar coupling rather than by entanglement density.     

Synthesis, antiviral and antifungal bioactivity of 2-cyano-acrylate derivatives containing phosphonyl moieties

Alkyl 2-cyano-3-methylthio-3-phosphonylacrylates were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl 2-cyano-3,3-dimethylthioacrylates with dialkyl phosphites. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR spectral data. These compounds were tested in vitro against pathogenic fungi, namely, Fusarium graminearum, Cytospora mandshurica and Fusarium oxysporum. Amongst all compounds, 2d and 2t were found to be effective against the tested fungi at 50 microg/mL. A half-leaf method was used to determine the in vivo protective, inactivation and curative efficacies of the title products against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Title compounds 2a and 2b were found to possess good in vivo curative, protection and inactivation effects against TMV with inhibitory rates at 500 mg/L of 60.0, 89.4 and 56.5 and 64.2, 84.2 and 61.2 %, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antiviral and antifungal activity of alkyl 2-cyano-3-methylthio-3-phosphonylacrylates.     

Quantitative determination of soybean meal content in compound feeds: comparison of near-infrared spectroscopy and real-time PCR

Standard methods for determining the raw material content of compound feed are little exploited, except for the identification of meat and bone meal in feeds. In this work, near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were applied in order to establish new and fast methods for quantification of soybean meal content in compound feeds. The best prediction quality was achieved by using a model based on NIR spectroscopy (R ² = 0.9857, standard error of cross-validation 1.1065). Furthermore, a sensitive qualitative detection method by using the real-time PCR was developed (R ² = 0.976, slope −3.7599). Finally, the differences between the real-time PCR result and the NIR spectroscopy result for a given sample were also treated, and we found that the NIR spectroscopy method provided quite accurate results which approach closely those of the real-time PCR method. Hui Li and Xiaowen Lv contributed equally to this work.     

At-line coupling of UPLC to chip-electrospray-FTICR-MS

Since highly sensitive on-line coupling of UPLC with FTICR-MS is technically infeasible due to their different scan rates, at-line coupling of these techniques was developed for rapid analysis. To enable cutting of one peak of the chromatogram into one fraction, several conditions and relationships were investigated, e.g. the optimum volume of the inserted delay loop, the relationship between retention time, loop outlet drop speed, individual drop volume versus mobile phase composition under constant speed, and linear solvent strength gradient elution modes. Good and reproducible results were achieved applying UPLC as an efficient separation and fast fractionation tool before the FTICR-MS measurements. A chip-based nanoelectrospray ionization system was employed which was perfectly suited to handling the small-volume fractions and was thus chosen for the at-line coupling. The method was initially applied to spiked extracts of cell-free bacterial culture supernatants in which bacterial signalling compounds, namely N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHL), were detected. Good reproducibility and high recovery was observed. Afterwards, a culture supernatant of Erwinia sp. JX3.2, a putative AHL producer, was investigated and N-hexanoyl-homoserine lactone was determined as a possible signalling molecule. More reliable assignments were achieved by use of at-line coupling of UPLC and FTICR-MS compared with off-line measurements. Xiaojing Li and Agnes Fekete have contributed equally to this publication.     

高热值多面体硼氢化合物十氢十硼酸双四乙基铵的合成、热分解机理及动力学研究

以四氢硼酸四乙基铵为原料,通过热解反应合成了十氢十硼酸双四乙基铵,并采用红外光谱(IR),核磁共振波谱(1H NMR,11B NMR)及元素分析对其结构进行了表征.采用差热-热重(DSC-TG)分析研究了其在氩气及氧气气氛下的热稳定性,发现其在氩气中仅发生热分解反应,放热量较小,而在氧气中则先分解,再发生氧化反应并放出大量的热.采用Kissinger方法及Coat-redfern方程得到其热分解主反应的动力学方程,并进一步通过热裂解原位池-傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)联用技术和同步热分析-红外-质谱(DSC-TGFTIR-MS)联用技术研究了其热分解机理,推测在加热升温过程中,化合物在303.2℃下快速分解,气相产物主要为乙烷与少量氨气及氢气,固相产物为单质硼.     

BODIPY-吡咯类荧光染料的合成及光谱识别性能

采用Knoevenagel反应以氟化硼配位二吡咯甲川类荧光染料BODIPY(4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4adiaza-s-indacene)为母体,经吡咯甲醛或杯吡咯甲醛合成了四个BODIPY荧光染料1a~1d,用MS,NMR和元素分析进行结构确证。考察了它们的紫外吸收光谱与荧光发射光谱,结果表明1a~1d具有较高的摩尔吸光系数,在BODIPY母环的3,5位双取代物(1c和1d)相对于单取代物(1a和1b)其最大吸收波长和发射波长分别红移了约90nm和80nm,说明BODIPY-吡咯衍生物中共轭程度增强,光谱出现红移。阴离子识别研究表明,1b和1d能够与Cl-形成多重氢键,导致吸收光谱红移和荧光猝灭。     

Synthesis,Photophysics, and Self‐Assembly of Furan‐Embedded Heteroarenes

A series of pyrene/phenanthrene‐fused furan derivatives ( 1 – 8 ) were synthesized by a simple condensation reaction between pyrene‐4,5‐diketone/phenanthrenequinone and substituted phenol/naphthol in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene heated at reflux. The formed compounds can emit strong blue light in organic solvents. Additionally, the self‐assembly behaviors of two of the compounds ( 3 and 5 ) were studied through re‐precipitation method and the resulting nanostructures were characterized by UV/Vis, fluorescence spectra, and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The findings showed that the shape and size of compounds 3 and 5 could be tuned by the ratio of THF and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) solution in water.     

Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity assay and inhibitor screening using a gold nanoparticle-modified gold electrode with an immobilized enzyme substrate

Microchimica Acta - We report on an electrochemical biosensor for the determination of the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and on a method for screening the effect of its inhibitors....