Codimension 3 Nontwisted Double Homoclinic Loops Bifurcations with Resonant Eigenvalues

This paper presents the nontwisted double-homoclinic-loop bifurcations with resonant eigenvalues in four dimensional vector fields. The Poincaré map is established to solve various problems in double-homoclinic-loop bifurcations with codimension 3. Bifurcation diagrams and bifurcation curves are given. Dedicated to Professor Zhifen Zhang on the occasion of her 80th birthday     

Cobalt‐Catalyzed C(sp2)−H Methylation by using Dicumyl Peroxide as both the Methylating Reagent and Hydrogen Acceptor

The first cobalt‐catalyzed direct methylation of a C(sp²)?H bond using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as both the methylating reagent and hydrogen acceptor has been established. The reaction proceeded without the use of any additives, and was proven to be applicable to various amides bearing a 2‐pyridinylisopropyl (PIP) directing group, providing an efficient access to o‐methyl aryl amides with high functional‐group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest a radical process would be involved in the catalytic process.     

Nonlinear characterization of the rotor-bearing system with the oil-film and unbalance forces considering the effect of the oil-film temperature

Nonlinear Dynamics - The nonlinear phenomena of the rotor-bearing systems, i.e., the oil whirl, oil whip, quenching and pulling out, due to the oil-film temperature are not yet clear. To...     

吲哚酚显色底物的合成及其在微生物检测中的应用研究进展

吲哚酚显色底物是由作为产色原的吲哚酚或其取代物与酶底物间接缩合而成,其合成主要包括中间体乙酸1-乙酰基-吲哚-3-基酯的合成及其与酶底物的衍生物缩合两部分。中间体可以通过以取代苯胺、邻氨基苯甲酸、邻氯苯甲酸等为起始物合成,而其再与酶底物的衍生物如乙酰溴代糖、酰卤、三氯氧磷、氯磺酸等反应可得到相应的各种显色底物。吲哚酚显色底物应用于微生物检测,依据特异性酶与相应底物的特异性反应,一般通过显色培养基技术来实现,不同的显色底物针对的酶及其应用于检测的微生物会有所不同。     

Circular whirling and stability due to unbalanced magnetic pull and eccentric force

This rapid communication is concerned with the circular whirling and stability of a model rotor in a synchronous generator under no load, subjected to unbalanced magnetic pull and mass eccentric force. The analysis is focused on the synchronous whirling of the rotor. Based on the existing analytical expression for unbalanced magnetic pull with any pole-pair number, the nonautonomous system of differential equations of motion with parametrically exciting force is transformed to an autonomous one by introducing a rotating coordinate frame. The circular whirlings of the model rotor are thus converted into equilibrium solutions to the autonomous system, which can be obtained by solving a system of polynomial equations with two unknowns only. Furthermore, stability of these equilibrium solutions is determined by applying the linearized stability criterion. An example is used to illustrate the proposed analytical method.     

Dynamic symmetry breaking and structure-preserving analysis on the longitudinal wave in an elastic rod with a variable cross-section

The longitudinal wave propagating in an elastic rod with a variable cross-section owns wide engineering background, in which the longitudinal wave dissipation determines some important performances of the slender structure. To reproduce the longitudinal wave dissipation effects on an elastic rod with a variable cross-section, a structure-preserving approach is developed based on the dynamic symmetry breaking theory. For the dynamic model controlling the longitudinal wave propagating in the elast...     

Trinuclear Gold-Catalyzed 1,2-Difunctionalization of Alkenes

Activated alkyl halides have been extensively explored to generate alkyl radicals with Ru- and Ir- photocatalysts for 1,2-difunctionalization of alkenes, but unactivated alkyl bromides remain challenging substrates due to their strong reduction potential. Here we report a three-component 1,2-difunctionalization reaction of alkenes, unactivated alkyl bromides and nucleophiles (e.g., amines and indoles) using a trinuclear gold catalyst [Au₃(tppm)₂](OTf)₃. It can achieve the 1,2-aminoalkylation and 1,2-alkylarylation readily. This protocol has a broad reaction scope and excellent functional group compatibility (>100 examples with up to 96 % yield). It also affords a robust formal [2+2+1] cyclization strategy for the concise construction of pyrrolidine skeletons under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies support an inner-sphere single electron transfer pathway for the successful cleavage of inert C−Br bonds.     

Merging Manganese and Iminium Catalysis: Selective Hydroalkenylation of Unsaturated Aldehydes and Ketones

The use of synergistic catalytic strategy can usually circumvent the intrinsic limitations of one catalytic system. In this communication, we disclose a cooperative catalysis strategy of manganese and iminium catalysis to realize selective hydroalkenylation of unsaturated aldehydes and ketones. Its success stems from the LUMO activation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds with secondary amines as the organocatalyst and the synergistic HOMO activation of alkenylboronic acids with Mn₂(CO)₈Br₂. This protocol exhibits several synthetic advances, e.g., simple operation, good functional group compatibility and good regioselectivity. The theoretical calculation indicates the migratory insertion followed by demetallation-isomerization process is kinetically more favorable than Michael-like nucleophilic addition. The use of proline-derived organocatalyst can deliver the desired products in moderate enantioselectivity.     

First-principles study of InxGa1-xAs1-yPy with different compositions

Optical Review - The bulk properties of InxGa1-xAs1-yPy at different In and P compositions are calculated using the first-principles methods. The bandgap of InxGa1-xAs1-yPy is theoretically...