Insect‐Derived Proline‐Rich Antimicrobial Peptides Kill Bacteria by Inhibiting Bacterial Protein Translation at the 70 S Ribosome

Proline‐rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) have been investigated and optimized by several research groups and companies as promising lead compounds to treat systemic infections caused by Gram‐negative bacteria. PrAMPs, such as apidaecins and oncocins, enter the bacteria and kill them apparently through inhibition of specific targets without a lytic effect on the membranes. Both apidaecins and oncocins were shown to bind with nanomolar dissociation constants to the 70S ribosome. In apidaecins, at least the two C‐terminal residues (Arg17 and Leu18) interact strongly with the 70S ribosome, whereas residues Lys3, Tyr6, Leu7, and Arg11 are the major interaction sites in oncocins. Oncocins inhibited protein biosynthesis very efficiently in vitro with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀ values) of 150 to 240 nmol L ^?1. The chaperone DnaK is most likely not the main target of PrAMPs but it binds them with lower affinity.     

Ligand Effects on the Electronic Structure of Heteroleptic Antimony‐Centered Radicals

We report on the structures of three unprecedented heteroleptic Sb‐centered radicals [L(Cl)Ga](R)Sb^. ( 2‐R , R=B[N(Dip)CH]₂ 2‐B , 2,6‐Mes₂C₆H₃ 2‐C , N(SiMe₃)Dip 2‐N ) stabilized by one electropositive metal fragment [L(Cl)Ga] (L=HC[C(Me)N(Dip)]₂, Dip=2,6‐i‐Pr₂C₆H₃) and one bulky B‐ ( 2‐B ), C‐ ( 2‐C ), or N‐based ( 2‐N ) substituent. Compounds 2‐R are predominantly metal‐centered radicals. Their electronic properties are largely influenced by the electronic nature of the ligands R, and significant delocalization of unpaired‐spin density onto the ligands was observed in 2‐B and 2‐N . Cyclic voltammetry (CV) studies showed that 2‐B undergoes a quasi‐reversible one‐electron reduction, which was confirmed by the synthesis of [K([2.2.2]crypt)][L(Cl)GaSbB[N(Dip)CH]₂] ([K([2.2.2]crypt)][ 2‐B ]) containing the stibanyl anion [ 2‐B ]^?, which was shown to possess significant Sb?B multiple‐bonding character.     

Dynamics of stimulated emission and optical gain in highly excited superlattices

The results of low temperature (4.2K) stimulated emission and optical gain dynamics in highly photoexcited Al_xGa_1−xAs/As type I superlattices are presented. It was established that the increase of the pump quantum energy leads to the essential (more than one order) reduction of the stimulated emission intensity. The effect is explained in terms of quasiparticle system heating peculiarities in two-dimensional semiconductor structure.     

Dynamical recursive algorithms for Lg-spline interpolation of EHB data

Lg-splines find application in many areas of mathematics, physics, and engineering. Especially in the last, there is need for recursive algorithms suitable for real-time application. In this paper we investigate a dynamical structure of the Hilbert space underlying the spline interpolation problem. We use these insights to develop a recursive algorithm for computing Lg-splines interpolating extended Hermite- Birkhoff data. We also investigate the relationship of our algorithm to a basic theorem due to Jerome and Schumaker regarding the smoothness properties of such splines and to algorithms based on their theorem.     

S-sets and semigroups of quotients

During the last two decades, a good deal of work has been conducted on S-sets and semigroups of quotients, establishing several concepts and results which are more or less analogous to the classicalas well as ring-theoretical ones. Clearly there are different (and sometimes, we feel, too restrictive) assumptions in these papers, in particular on the semigroups S and on the S-sets under consideration, and various notations need to be unified. Generalizing diverging dispositions, we try to give a self-contained survey of the most fundamental parts (and other considerable parts) of these investigations, and add some new results. A forthcoming paper will deal with S-semimodules over semirings S, including some relationships with rings and modules.     

Breit interaction determination of muonic hyperfine anomalies: Large but not giant

Muon-nuclear-hyperfine anomalies are determined from Breit interaction calculations based on unrestricted Dirac-Fock solutions which explicitly include all electrons and the negative muon. We obtain anomalies of a few (3) percent, which are much larger than corresponding Bohr-Weisskopf electron-nuclear anomalies, but are much smaller than the giant, ≈(36 ± 5)%, anomaly reported by Yamazaki et al. for μ^-Pd⁺ vs. Rh. We suggest the possibility that interstitial μ^-Pd⁺ was observed and that the small anomaly for substitutional μ^-Pd⁺ may also be seen at higher temperatures.     

Über die Einzigkeit der Ternionenalgebra und linksalternative Algebren kleinen Ranges

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Atomistic view of the autosurfactant effect during GaN epitaxy

The Ga-N site exchange critical to the autosurfactant effect during GaN epitaxy is studied. On the GaN(0001) pseudo (1x1), the first site exchange results in N incorporation at the subsurface T1 site, forming ghost islands. The second exchange that converts these islands to that of bilayer height can be triggered by continued scanning tunneling microscopy imaging, which involves electrons tunneling to or from localized states associated with the second layer Ga. The resulting electrostatic force sets off a chain reaction which frees these Ga atoms, allowing N to form covalent Ga-N-Ga bonds of a new GaN bilayer.