CO2响应型Pickering乳液的构筑及应用

互不相溶的油/水两相在固体颗粒的作用下,其中一相以小液滴形式溶于另一相中形成的乳液称为Pickering乳液。由于其制备成本低、稳定性强且环境友好,目前已应用于医药、食品及化妆品等多个领域。在实际的应用中,具有长期稳定性质和可快速乳化/破乳的乳液在石油开采、催化等领域需求广泛,因而制备具有环境刺激响应性质的Pickering乳液迫在眉睫。与pH、磁场、温度、光等刺激手段相比,CO₂响应型乳液具有廉价易得、无污染、响应迅速、生物相容性好等优势,是解决产品循环回收问题的有效策略。目前CO₂刺激响应型Pickering乳液体系仍处于研究的初级阶段,且该乳液的响应机制、构筑策略仍有待明确和拓展。本文总结了Pickering乳液的稳定/响应机制,综述了CO₂响应型Pickering乳化剂的种类及构筑策略,列举了其在乳液聚合、界面催化、生物医药领域的应用进展,并展望了其未来的发展前景。     

Temporal Profile Based Small Moving Target Detection Algorithm in Infrared Image Sequences

A new algorithm is presented which deals with the problem of detecting small moving targets in infrared image sequences that also contain drifting and evolving clutter. Through development of models of the temporal behavior of the static background, target and cloud edge on a single pixel basis, the new algorithm employing the connecting line of the stagnation points (CLSP) of the temporal profile as the baseline is created and tested. The deviation of the temporal profile and its CLSP is analyzed and it is determined that the distribution of the residual temporal profile obtained by subtracting the baseline from the temporal profile can be modeled by a Gaussian distribution. The occurrences of the targets have intensity values significantly different to the distribution of the residual temporal profile. Unlike the conventional 3-D method, this new algorithm operates on the temporal profile in 1-D space, not in 3-D space, thus having a higher computational efficiency. Experiments with real IR image sequences have proved the validity of the new approach. This work was supported by National Natural Science Fund of China (No. 60277005).     

Broadwell Model and Conservative Supersonic Boundary

In this paper, we consider an initial-boundary value problem for the Broadwell model with a supersonic physical boundary. Here, we pose a conservative boundary condition which preserves the total number of particles. We show that the solution converges pointwise to a boundary layer exponentially, when the perturbations of the initial data to the equilibrium state are sufficiently small, by using Green’s function as established in Lan et al. (Netw Heterog Media 1:167–183, 2006), weighted energy estimates and by constructing a pair of anti-derivatives to convert the conservative boundary condition into a dissipative boundary condition with conservation laws together with an a priori chosen boundary layer.     

气相色谱/质谱-选择离子检测法同时测定大米中的25种持久性有机污染物

利用超声波提取、固相萃取净化对样品进行前处理,然后采用气相色谱/质谱-选择离子检测模式对大米中的25种持久性有机污染物进行了分析。色谱条件:DB-35MS毛细管色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm i.d.×0.25 μm);载气为氦气,流速1 mL/min;进样口温度300 ℃;不分流进样,进样量1 μL;柱温为程序升温模式。质谱条件:电子轰击电离源,70 eV;采集方式为选择离子方式,扫描质量范围50~450 u。实验采用保留时间以及定性、定量特征离子的丰度比定性,采用峰面积外标法定量,制作了25种持久性有机污染物的标准工作曲线。不同浓度水平的添加回收率试验表明,25种持久性有机污染物的添加回收率为81.99%～100.60%,相对标准偏差为2.37%～18.48%,除异狄氏剂、反式氯丹和顺式氯丹的检测限分别为20,30和20 ng/g外,其他有机污染物的检测限为0.1～5 ng/g。该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药多残留测定技术的要求。     

One-pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Highly Functionalized 1,4-Dihydropyridines Using Porcine Pancreatic Lipase

A series of highly timctionalized 1,4-dihydropyridines was synthesized via one-pot multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehyde,malononitrile and N-methyl-1-(methylthio)-2-nitroethenamine using Porcine pancreatic lipase(PPL)as catalyst in DMSO.This protocol is featured by mild reaction conditions,simple operation and environmental acceptability.     

负载型BINAP-M类催化剂

1,1'-联萘-2,2'-双二苯膦与金属配位化合物(BINAP-M)作为最重要和著名的手性催化剂之一,过去的几十年中在工业和基础理论研究中受到广泛关注。虽然BINAP-M作为均相手性催化剂具有活性高和选择性好的特点,但存在价格昂贵、应用成本较高和难以回收利用等局限性,特别是催化剂残留在合成产物中,如药品中,限制了其在工业上的大规模应用。因此,寻求既能保持高催化活性,又能方便回收和循环应用的BINAP-M类催化剂成为重要研究课题。本文总结了近年来可回收BINAP-M催化剂研究进展,重点介绍了吸附负载型与共价负载型BINAP-M催化剂在可回收领域的研究成果,分析讨论了不同类型可回收的负载型BINAP-M催化剂的优缺点。在此基础上,本文还介绍了一种具有“柔性桥链”结构的共价负载BINAP-M催化剂,并分析了其在“拟均相”催化反应中的应用前景,为负载型催化剂的设计与制备提供了新的研究思路。     

Thermodynamic Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis of a Novel Compressed Air Energy Storage System Incorporated with a Coal-Fired Power Plant

A novel compressed air energy storage (CAES) system has been developed, which is innovatively integrated with a coal-fired power plant based on its feedwater heating system. In the hybrid design, the compression heat of the CAES system is transferred to the feedwater of the coal power plant, and the compressed air before the expanders is heated by the feedwater taken from the coal power plant. Furthermore, the exhaust air of the expanders is employed to warm partial feedwater of the coal power plant. Via the suggested integration, the thermal energy storage equipment for a regular CAES system can be eliminated and the performance of the CAES system can be improved. Based on a 350 MW supercritical coal power plant, the proposed concept was thermodynamically evaluated, and the results indicate that the round-trip efficiency and exergy efficiency of the new CAES system can reach 64.08% and 70.01%, respectively. Besides, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the effects of ambient temperature, air storage pressure, expander inlet temperature, and coal power load on the performance of the CAES system. The above work proves that the novel design is efficient under various conditions, providing important insights into the development of CAES technology.     

Statistical Characterization of the Yield Stress of Nanoparticles

Atomistic simulations are performed to study the statistical mechanical properties of gold nanoparticles.It is demonstrated that the yielding behavior of gold n...