The Study on the Thermal Stability of CLA in Egg Yolk

Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been a subject of extensive investigation for their anticarcinogenic, hypolipidemic, antiatherosclerotic and immune-enhancing activities. Stability of CLA in foods has not received much attention by both academics and industry. Although CLA has shown many beneficial effects, its decomposition must be prevented when CLA in foods is processed, stored and transported. However, no study to date has addressed the stability of CLA in foods. The present study was carried out further to examine the stability of CLA in egg yolk during the storage and frying, using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) and silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography (Agt-HPLC). The eggs, containing 4.0% CLA per gramme of egg yolk, were 40s. Either storage for 6 months or frying for 40 s did not significantly change the composition of CLA in egg yolk. However, the degradation of CLA was statistically significant when the CLA components of egg yolk protected CLA from degradation. It is concluded that CLA is well preserved in egg before it is consumed.     

Interaction between 18-crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid and positional substituents of enantiomers and simultaneous separation of positional enantiomers of methyl-DL-tryptophans by capillary electrophoresis

18-Crown-6-tetracarboxylic acid (18C6H4) is a chiral selector with high selectivity for the enantioseparation of solutes bearing the primary amine function. This work presents the simultaneous separation of positional enantiomers of methyl-DL-tryptophans by using 18C6H4 as an additive to the background electrolyte. Separation conditions such as pH, the concentration of 18C6H4, and the applied voltages have critical inference on the simultaneous separation. The addition of cyclodextrins as anionic surfactants to the background electrolyte did not improve the separation. The selector-selectand interactions between 18C6H4 and the positional enantiomers have been investigated. It was observed that both the position and type of substituents contribute to the enantioselectivity. The migration order and resolution depended on the distance from the substituents to the asymmetric carbon of the enantiomers.     

Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Based on Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) Ruthenium(II) with Hydroxyl Carboxylic Acid

Upon the electrochemical oxidation of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II) [Ru(bpy)²⁺₃] and hydroxyl carboxylic acids, for instance, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, and -gluconic acid, bright electrochemiluminescences (ECLs) were observed. Different luminescent reactions were presented depending on the applied potential. The light emission was mainly caused by the reaction between alkoxide radical ion and Ru(bpy)³⁺₃below the potential +1.80 V (vs Ag/AgCl). The luminescence intensity obviously increased because of the more complex reaction process. The luminescence wavelength of 608 nm, which could be found either at higher potential than +1.80 V or in the potential range from +1.30 to +1.80 V, confirmed that ECL was caused by Ru(bpy)²⁺₃*. The factors which affect the determination and HPLC separation of the four acids were also investigated.     

Chiral separation of N-(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonyl)-D,L-phenylalanine isomers by high performance liquid chromatography

Summary A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the chiral separation of a new anti-diabetic agent, N-(trans-4-isopropylcyclohexylcarbonyl)-D-phenylalanine, and its L-enantiomer. The separation was performed on a Sumichiral OA-3300 column. Optimized mobile phase was 0.025 mol.L⁻¹ ammonium acetate in methanol solution. UV detection was at 210 nm. Baseline chiral separation was obtained within 12 minutes. The detection limits are 80 pg for the D-enantiomer and 120 pg for the L-enantiomer. RSD of the method was below 1% (n=5).     

A new boundary treatment: HF surface potential model applied to solid-state cluster calculations

A new boundary treatment, a Hartree–Fock (HF ) surface potential model, is proposed to deal with the surface effect in the solid-state cluster calculations using the LCAO –MO –SCF ab initio method. The surface potential arises from one or more atoms, which have no basis function and are added to the calculated cluster system. These atoms are placed in such sites so that the HF potential field of the calculated system should possess a point-group symmetry. The surface potential could be found by the corresponding HF potential using a symmetry operator. The fact that a rather symmetric electronic structure of the asymmetric cluster YBa₂CuZn₂O₇ is obtained using the HF surface potential shows that the surface effect in the cluster calculations could be neutralized to a great extent. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Dioxide by Direct-Current Corona Discharges in Dry Air Containing Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Vapor: Measurement of the Deposition Rate

Experiments in a positive-polarity, wire/plate electrode establish the effects of the concentration of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (150–1100 ppm) and the operating current (0.5–2.55 μA/cm length of wire) on the rate of deposition of silicon dioxide on the high voltage wire. The wire is 100 μm radius tungsten and the wire-to-plate spacing is 1.5 cm. Analyses of the deposit with X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that it is amorphous silicon dioxide. The deposition rate increases linearly with increasing silicone concentration and corona current. For the concentrations of silicone likely to present in indoor air, the gas-phase processes limit the rate of deposition.     

Isotactic-b-syndiotactic stereoblock poly(methyl methacrylate) by chiral metallocene/Lewis acid hybrid catalysts

Stereoblock polymerization with chiral ansa-metallocene/strong Lewis acid hybrid catalysts capable of switching stereospecificity of the methyl methacrylate polymerization produces the highly stereoregular isotactic-b-syndiotactic stereoblock poly(methyl methacrylate).     

Dichloro bis(η5) molybdenum catalysed reduction of organic halides by sodium borohydride

Summary Dichloro bis(⁵) molybdenum catalyses the reduction of organic halides by sodium borohydride smoothly and selectively. The reactions with representative organic monohalides and polyhalides are investigated. The ease of reduction depends on the structure of the halide and the solvent used. alkoxycarbonyl and cyano groups are unattacked in the reaction. An oxidative addition-reductive elimination mechanism is tentatively suggested.     

Acidities in cyclohexanediols enhanced by intramolecular hydrogen bonds

Equilibrium gas-phase acidities of the six isomeric cyclohexanediols were measured in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Although all six cyclohexanediols have the same functional groups and similar structures, the acidities vary over 11 kcal/mol. This large difference is due mostly to the balance between hydrogen bonding and geometric strain. To understand the origins of the acidity differences in more detail, the conformations and energetics of the cyclohexanediols were studied using density functional theory, which gave good agreement with the experimental acidities. Finally, methanol-methoxide and methanol-methanol interactions were used as a model for the hydrogen bonding.