Bifurcations and spatiotemporal patterns in a ratio‐dependent diffusive Holling‐Tanner system with time delay

In this paper, we concentrate on the spatiotemporal patterns of a delayed reaction‐diffusion Holling‐Tanner model with Neumann boundary conditions. In particular, the time delay that is incorporated in the negative feedback of the predator density is considered as one of the principal factors to affect the dynamic behavior. Firstly, a global Turing bifurcation theorem for τ = 0 and a local Turing bifurcation theorem for τ > 0 are given. Then, further considering the degenerated situation, we derive the existence of Bogdanov‐Takens bifurcation and Turing‐Hopf bifurcation. The normal form method is used to study the explicit dynamics near the Turing‐Hopf singularity. It is shown that a pair of stable nonconstant steady states (stripe patterns) and a pair of stable spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions (spot patterns) could be bifurcated from a positive equilibrium. Moreover, the Turing‐Turing‐Hopf–type spatiotemporal patterns, that is, a subharmonic phenomenon with two spatial wave numbers and one temporal frequency, are also found and explained theoretically. Our results imply that the interaction of Turing and Hopf instabilities can be considered as the simplest mechanism for the appearance of complex spatiotemporal dynamics.     

T—S模糊控制器中各类算子对系统输出的影响

模糊控制系统的核心是模糊控制算法，对Takagi-Sugeno（以下简称T—S）模糊控制器，由于其合取算子与汇总算子选取的不同，使其算法区别很大。文中对几种常用T-S模糊控制算法的输出曲面及误差曲面进行比较，以确定这些算子变化对系统输出的影响。     

D38R突变对细菌视紫红质光循环后半程M态和N态的影响

用重叠PCR的方法，定点突变细菌视紫红质（bacteriorhodopsin，BR），克隆到单突变体BRD96N和双突变体BRD38R/D96N的基因，同源转化盐沼盐杆菌（Halobacterium salinarium）L33（BR），表达突变蛋白BRD96N和BRD38R／D96N通过显微视频方法对突变BR的M态光致变色特性进行记录，BRD38R／D96N的M态寿命为5s，约为BRD96N（M态寿命为3s）的1．7倍．对突变体的激光共聚焦拉曼光谱测定发现，在BRD96N中，1170cm^-1下移到1171cm^-1，1258cm^-1上移到1255cm^-1，而BRD38R/D96N中1170cm^-1下移到1173cm^-1；1258cm^-1。上移到1252cm^-1，而且BRD38R/D96N与BRD96N相比，1186cm^-1处的峰明显增强．近紫外区圆二色谱显示，两种突变体近紫外区的正负带虽然没有太大差别，但288nm和290nm处的极峰却差别显著．所有这些研究结果表明，细菌视紫红质Asp38（D38）突变为Arg（R）可以延长其光循环后半程M态和N态的寿命．     

2,2'-对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与醋酸钴在低热温度下的固-固相反应

２，２－对苯二甲硫基二乙酸与醋酸钴在低热温度下的固－固相反应张卫华＊忻新泉（湖北师范学院化学系黄石４３５００２）（南京大学配位化学国家重点实验室南京）关键词２，２－对苯二甲硫基二乙酸，醋酸钴，固－固相反应，动力学１９９６－０８－０４收稿，１９９７...     

Synthesis,photophysics, theoretical modeling,and electroluminescence of novel 2,7‐carbazole‐based conjugated polymers with sterically hindered structures

2,7‐dibromo‐N‐hexylcarbazole is successfully synthesized in three steps with an overall 37% yield. Novel 2,7‐carbazole‐based sterically hindered conjugated polymers are further synthesized. In the backbone structure of polymer P1 , alkylated bithiophene moiety is β‐substituted with dodecyl chains on both thiophene rings, adopting the tail‐to‐tail configuration. While for polymers P2 and P3 , partially planarized thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene moiety ( P2 ) and β‐pentyl substituted thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene ( P3 ) are incorporated. All polymers demonstrate efficient blue‐to‐green light emission, good thermal stability (T_d ≥ 379 °C), and high glass transition temperatures (T_g = 118 °C). The optical and electronic properties of the resulted polymers are tuned by the incorporated alkyl chains. For instance, the incorporation of β‐pentyl group in thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene moiety endows P3 with blue‐shifted photophysical spectra, reduced fluorescence quantum yield and larger band gap in comparison with P2 . The steric effect of incorporated alkyl chains is further illustrated by geometry optimization of three model oligomers (analogues to the repetition units of P1–P3 ) using density functional theory. Sterically hindered polymers P1 and P2 exhibit high charge transport ability and moderate electroluminescent properties in primarily tested single‐layer light‐emitting diodes (configuration: ITO/PEDOT:PSS/Polymer/Ca/Ag). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7725–7738, 2008     

用光学相关识别方法测量单模光纤的折射率分布和色散

介绍了一种测量单模光纤剖面折射率分布和色散的新方法－－光学相关识别方法。应用计算全息制作高斯－拉盖尔模的匹配滤波器，根据光学相关识别原理测出单模光纤场分布的展开系数，由此推得剖面折射率分布和色散，给出了实际测量结果。     

大功率GaAs光导开关寿命实验研究

设计并制作了18 mm间隙的半绝缘GaAs光导开关,开关芯片采用标准半导体工艺制作并封装在陶瓷基板上。测试了光导开关在20 kV工作电压、1 kA工作电流时,不同重复频率工作的开关寿命,结果表明,开关寿命4 000次~7 000次,且随着重复频率的提高,开关寿命有所降低。初步分析了导致开关失效的原因为热损伤,包括局部发热导致的连接损伤和材料损伤以及整体发热导致的暗态电阻下降。     

不同形状的光斑触发砷化镓光导开关

为研究使用不同形状光斑触发光导开关对光电导特性的影响,研制了12 mm间隙的半绝缘砷化镓光导开关,在不同的偏置电压下,使用波长为1 064 nm的不同能量的激光触发光导开关并进行了光电导测试。使用了不同形状的光斑(包括面状、线状和点状光斑)触发光导开关并进行了光电导特性的比较,讨论了触发光参数对光导开关特性的影响。对处于开关电极间不同位置的线状光斑触发特性进行了比较,结果显示,本征光电导和非本征光电导情况下光斑位置对光电流的影响正好相反。     

常用微波衰减器脉冲功率容量测试

提出了一种微波衰减器脉冲功率容量的测试方法,该方法可概括为利用定向耦合器组测试比对法,测试系统主要由微波源、定向耦合器组、衰减器、检波器及示波器等器件及设备组成。选取了广泛应用于高功率微波测试系统的波导衰减器及同轴衰减器进行了功率容量测试。初步测试结果表明:在X波段,对于μs量级脉冲宽度的单脉冲,衰减材料为羟基铁的BJ-100矩形波导式衰减器的脉冲功率容量可达50 kW,厚膜电阻为衰减材料的N型接头的同轴式衰减器的功率容量可达10 kW以上。