五种郁金无机元素比较及样品元素间相关性分析

中药含有丰富的无机元素,特别是人体必需的无机元素含量较高。在样品中加入混酸,再用微波消解技术消化样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对五种不同品种郁金（温郁金、姜黄、广西莪术、蓬莪术和川郁金）所含有的八种具有重要生理功能的无机元素——钾、钙、钠、镁、锌、铁、铜和锰的含量进行了测定。结果显示郁金类中药材含有相近的元素成分,不同来源的品种在个别元素含量上存在差异。基于各样品所含无机元素采用聚类分析进行相关性分析,药典所收载四种郁金（温郁金、姜黄、广西莪术和蓬莪术）聚为一类,与非正品川郁金有所区别,该聚类结果与依据形态特征的传统分类学结果一致。测定结果可为郁金中无机元素与其药效的相关性提供科学依据。     

蔬菜中硒总量及形态的氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱测定方法

采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)测定了几种蔬菜中的总硒含量,并测定了其中无机硒和有机硒的相对含量。实验优化了仪器测量参数,考察了载流盐酸和硼氢化钾浓度、样品介质盐酸浓度和残留硝酸浓度及干扰元素对测定的影响。结果表明：几种蔬菜中硒的含量都较低,而草菇的硒含量达到0.151 μg·g-1。此外,蔬菜中硒主要以有机硒的形态存在。方法的检出限为0.35 ng·g-1,加标回收率为97.6%～101%。实验方法操作简便、灵敏度高,结果令人满意。     

An Improvement to Conformer-Based Model for High-Accuracy Speech Feature Extraction and Learning

Owing to the loss of effective information and incomplete feature extraction caused by the convolution and pooling operations in a convolution subsampling network, the accuracy and speed of current speech processing architectures based on the conformer model are influenced because the shallow features of speech signals are not completely extracted. To solve these problems, in this study, we researched a method that used a capsule network to improve the accuracy of feature extraction in a conformer-based model, and then, we proposed a new end-to-end model architecture for speech recognition. First, to improve the accuracy of speech feature extraction, a capsule network with a dynamic routing mechanism was introduced into the conformer model; thus, the structural information in speech was preserved, and it was input to the conformer blocks via sequestered vectors; the learning ability of the conformed-based model was significantly enhanced using dynamic weight updating. Second, a residual network was added to the capsule blocks, thus, the mapping ability of our model was improved and the training difficulty was reduced. Furthermore, the bi-transformer model was adopted in the decoding network to promote the consistency of the hypotheses in different directions through bidirectional modeling. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed model were verified against different types of recognition models by performing multiple sets of experiments. The experimental results demonstrated that our speech recognition model achieved a lower word error rate without a language model because of the higher accuracy of speech feature extraction and learning using our model architecture with a capsule network. Furthermore, our model architecture benefited from the advantage of the capsule network and the conformer encoder, and also has potential for other speech-related applications.     

Cloning,Expression, Purification,and Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum

Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (V_max) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (K_m) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (k_cat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s⁻¹ and 0.5 ± 0.02 s⁻¹, respectively; the respective k_cat/K_m value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The K_m, k_cat and V_max values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry.     

四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃的合成及聚集行为

对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃与溴乙酸乙酯反应,得到锥式、1,2-交替、1,3-交替和部分锥式构象的四取代衍生物;将锥式、1,2-交替和1,3-交替构象的四乙酸乙酯取代衍生物在氨的甲醇溶液中进行氨解得到相应的酰胺产物.通过核磁研究比较了氨解产物的自聚集情况.锥式构象四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子在氯仿溶剂中的分子间作用力很弱,容易溶剂化,溶剂中核磁谱图不能观察到分子聚集;而1,2-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子间存在相当强的作用力,在氯仿中的溶解性较差,核磁谱图表明分子在氯仿溶剂中有分子聚集的现象.1,3-交替构象的四氨羰甲基对-叔丁基杯[4]芳烃分子可以形成一定的聚集体,在高浓度时是聚集体的形式;在浓度较低或者加入酸予以破坏时,溶液中是以单体的形式存在.     

基于函数调用图的静态数据分配

在许多嵌入式设计中,数据存储器是稀缺资源.如何基于静态分配方案,用最少的内存空间来存储程序数据成为嵌入式设计中一个非常重要的问题.如果两个函数之间不存在直接或者间接的调用关系的话,这两个函数的局部变量的生命期就没有重叠.这样的两个函数的局部变量可以共用存储空间而不会影响程序的正确性.基于这个思路,本文提出一种基于函数调用图的拓扑排序的最优静态分配算法(TBA)并证明了该分配算法的最优性.该分配算法通过静态分析技术,构建函数调用图(FCG),基于FCG的拓扑排序,计算每个函数的私有数据段的全局地址以及段内每个符号的全局地址,并根据重定位表更新对这些符号的引用.实验结果表明该算法优于前人提出的启发式算法.     

关联规则增量式更新的改进算法

关联规则是数据挖掘中的重要研究内容之一，对在事务数据库不变，只对最小支持度和最小可信度进行改变的情况下，针对关联规则的维护问题，设计了一个增量式更新的改进算法AIUA。     

光子四维量子态隐形传输

多维量子纠缠态比二维纠缠态可加载更多的信息,多维量子系统是量子信息处理中一个很重要的资源.本文采用已实现的光子四维纠缠态,给出了光子四维量子态的张量表达式,并描述了四维量子态隐形传输的一般表示方法;通过讨论光子四维量子态系统的量子通道参数矩阵和测量矩阵的特性,得到实现完全传输和非零概率传输的充要条件.最后,本文给出在多种量子通道下的四维态的量子隐形传态方案,这一过程在张量分析表示下十分清晰明了.     

C波段加速器初步热测实验

为了开展加速器小型化技术研究,进行了C波段2 MeV驻波加速器研制工作。目前,该加速器研制取得了显著进展,完成了全密封加速管的焊接,建立了加速器热测实验平台。在重复频率50 Hz情况下,进行了初步热测出束实验,利用电离室剂量仪测试了加速器靶前1 m处的X射线剂量率,并利用钢吸收法测试了电子束的能量。初步实验结果表明:电子束能量约2.5 MeV,剂量率超过330 mGy/(minm)。     

用序列二次规划法设计ICF 靶区光路

 运用序列二次规划法设计了靶区光路。由ICF 柱面靶间接驱动实验对多路激光束排布的要求, 建立靶区数学模型, 用本文设计结果构筑光路排布线框实体。该三维线框以特征线代表60路激光驱动光束实体, 以特征线段的转折点代表240面反射镜的空间位置。