Evidence for non-thermal excitation of energy levels in active biological systems

The ratio R of the intensities of anti Stokes and Stokes Raman shift lines of 124 cm^-1 and of 118 cm^-1 of active E. coli B was measured. For an oscillating system in therm equilibrium R ≈ 0.55 is expected whereas we find R ≈ 1.0. This shows that this system is excited strongly above thermal excitation in agreement with a previous theoretical conjecture [2–5].     

Tumour detection by ultrasonic Doppler blood-flow signals

Ultrasonic Doppler blood-flow signals which seem to be associated with malignant tumour neovascularization have been detected in the female breast. No such signals have been detected from cysts. This discovery may lead to the development of a high-speed ultrasonic Doppler scanner which might make breast screening for cancer practicable.     

Partial differential equations with deviating arguments in the time variable

Some classes of partial differential equations with deviating arguments in the time variable are investigated. The equations are written as abstract ordinary functional differential equations of the form $\text{d}\text{dt}\text{u(t) = ?Au(t) + F(u}{}_{\mathrm{t}}\text{), u}{}_0\text{= φ}$, where ?A is the infinitesimal generator of a linear semigroup and F is not necessarily continuous. Existence, uniqueness, and stability properties are developed by studying the equations in appropriately chosen spaces of initial functions φ.     

Superconductivity and the b.c.c. to A-15 transformation in Nb-Au alloys2

Nb-Au alloys near the composition Nb₃Au can be quenched from the high temperature α solid solution phase field, retaining the b.c.c. structure. We report results on their superconducting, mechanical and physical properties as a function of composition. Short low temperature anneals transform these materials to the equilibrium A-15 structure with T_c up to 11K. We report results on the superconducting and physical properties of the transformed A-15 structure materials and describe how the properties of the transformed materials are affected by annealing temperature and time.     

A 14N NMR study of the isomeric structures of urea and its analogues

In urea and its structural analogues differences in excess of 100 ppm are found in the nitrogen screening constants for the amide- and isoamide-type structures. The nitrogen chemical shifts are interpreted within the framework of Pople's gauge dependent atomic orbital approximation using INDO molecular orbitals. It is demonstrated that this method provides reasonable values for nitrogen absolute screening constants. The experimental data reported should be useful in examinations of tautomeric equilibria in amides and related structures.     

A LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF TWO ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRORADIOMETERS

Abstract— Spectral measurements of the solar UV irradiance at the earth's surface depend critically on the characteristics of the spectroradiometers and the procedures used in their calibration. Two UV spectroradiometers were subjected to a series of laboratory tests to investigate which factors were most significant in limiting the reliability of the absolute irradiance measurements. Three independent standards of spectral irradiance were scanned by both instruments under a range of bench conditions. The results were consistent to within about 3%, most of the uncertainty being due to scattered light in the laboratory. An UV laser was used to determine the slit function of each spectrometer and the influence of internal stray light. Significant departures from the ideal cosine and azimuth responses were measured by a xenon lamp. Both spectroradiometers were kept indoors throughout the experiments. The relevance of these laboratory results is discussed with respect to the task of measuring solar UV radiation in the field.