Production of no-carrier-added 64Cu and applications to molecular imaging by PET and PETIS as a biomedical tracer

Copper-64 was produced by the ⁶⁴Ni(p, n)⁶⁴Cu reaction using enriched ⁶⁴NiO target. We investigated and compared the production yield of ⁶⁴Cu for proton beams of various energies by using a thick target. Enriched ⁶⁴Ni was recovered with high yield by simple procedures. Imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) and positron emitting tracer imaging system (PETIS) were performed. We obtained clear images in PET and PETIS studies. The results of this study indicate that ⁶⁴Cu can be utilized as a biomedical tracer for the molecular imaging both in animals and plants.     

Synthesis of isocorrole and the higher homologues

Bis(azafulvene) derivative of gem-dimethyldipyrrylmethane reacted with 2,2′-bipyrrole under neutral conditions without catalyst to give a mixture of expanded isocorroles in ca. 50% total yields. GPC separation gave eleven porphyrinoids containing 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, and 44 units of pyrrole.     

Valence states of 57Fe decayed from 57Mn implanted into KMnO4

In-beam Mössbauer spectra of ⁵⁷Fe, decayed from short-lived ⁵⁷Mn (T_1/2 = 1.45 min) implanted into potassium permanganate, KMnO₄, were measured at temperatures between 11 K and 130 K. This is the first application of a secondary RI beam to the study of valence states after nuclear transformation. The in-beam Mössbauer spectra obtained below 90 K could be analyzed with two components, a doublet and a singlet. From the calculations of the molecular orbital wave functions, the singlet is suggested to be substitutional ⁵⁷Fe atoms for Mn-sites in tetrahedral [MnO₄]^– with an unusually high valence state of Fe⁸⁺.     

强磁场对熔融织构GdBCO块材中Gd_2BaCuO_5颗粒的取向作用

在GdBCO超导块材的熔融织构生长过程中施加10T强磁场,通过SEM研究强磁场对Gd2BaCuO5(Gd211)颗粒的影响.研究发现棒状Gd211颗粒在强磁场的作用下发生了择优取向——Gd211颗粒的长边与磁场方向平行.延长样品处于熔融状态的时间,发现Gd211颗粒的取向性明显增加.通过分析熔融织构的相变过程,结合磁取向能的公式,讨论了取向性增加的原因.同时,探讨了Gd211颗粒的择优取向对样品的超导性能产生的影响.     

Reactions of carbon cluster ions stored in an RF trap

Reactions of carbon clusterions with O₂ were studied by using an RF ion trap in which cluster ions of specific size produced by laser ablation could be stored selectively. Reaction rate constants for positive and negative carbon cluster ions were estimated. In the case of the positive cluster ions, these were consistent with the previous experimental results using FTMS. Negative carbon cluster ions C _n ^– (n=4–8) were much less reactive than positive cluster ions. The C_nO^– products were seen only in n=4 and 6.     

Long-Lived Radioiodine in Japanese Environment

The amount of long-lived radioiodine, ¹²⁹I (half-life 1.57·10⁷ y) in the Japanese environment has been studied by measuring thyroids of humans and animals. The collected samples were thyroids of (1) humans in Ibaraki Prefecture, in Kanto district, the central part of Japan, (2) cattle in Aomori Prefecture, north part of Japan, and (3) wild deer in Chiba Prefecture, in Kanto district. The measured mean isotopic ratio ¹²⁹I/¹²⁷I for thyroids of cattle in Aomori Prefecture is 3.5±1.8·10^-9. A higher value of 14±5·10^-9 has been obtained for thyroids of wild deer in Kanto district. On the other hand, the measured ratio for human thyroids in Kanto district is 1±0.2·10^-9. This value is significantly lower than that of cattle thyroids in Aomori and also those reported for human thyroids in Europe and USA. The higher mean ratio for cattle thyroid in Kanto district is possibly explained by the influence of nuclear reprocessing plant. Lower mean ratio for human thyroid might be due to higher dietary intake of algae.     

Thermoluminescence and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies of mineral chrysocolla (dioptase)

The natural mineral chrysocolla (CuSiO₃·2H₂O) has been investigated in terms of thermally stimulated luminescence and EPR measurements. The glow curves for natural samples present three glow peaks at 190, 357 and 450°C. Pre annealed and subsequently irradiated samples give rise to four glow peaks at 140°C, 193°C, 305°C and 450°C. The formation of H^o centers at the expense of water molecules present in the channels has been identified by EPR measurements.     

Linear viscoelastic behavior of perfluorooctyl sulfonate micelles: effects of counter-ions

Linear viscoelastic behavior was investigated for aqueous solutions of perfluorooctyl sulfonate (C₈F₁₇SO⁻ ₃; abbreviated as FOS) micelles having a mixture of tetraethylammonium (N⁺(C₂H₅)₄; TEA) and lithium (Li⁺) ions as the counter-ions. The solutions had the same FOS concentration (0.1 mol l⁻¹) and various Li⁺ fractions in the counter-ions, φ_Li = 0−0.6, and the FOS micelles in these solutions formed threads which further organized into dendritic networks. At T ≤ 15 °C, the terminal relaxation time τ and the viscosity η, governed by thermal scission of the networks, increased with increasing φ_Li up to 0.55. A further increase of φ_Li resulted in decreases of τ and η and in broadening of the relaxation mode distribution. These rheological changes are discussed in relation to the role of TEA ions in thermal scission: Previous NMR studies revealed that only a fraction of TEA ions were tightly bound to the FOS micellar surfaces and these bound ions stabilized the thread/network structures. The concentration of non-bound TEA ions, C_TEA ^*, decreased and finally vanished on increasing φ_Li up to φ_Li ^* ≅ 0.6, and the concentration of the bound TEA ions significantly decreased on a further increase of φ_Li. The non-bound TEA ions appeared to catalyze the thermal scission of the FOS threads, and the observed increases of τ and η for φ_Li < 0.55 were attributed to the decrease of C_TEA ^*. On the other hand, the decreases of τ and η as well as the broadening of the mode distribution, found for φ_Li > 0.55 (where C_TEA ^* ≅ 0), were related to destabilization of the FOS threads/networks due to a shortage of the bound TEA ions and to the existence of concentrated Li⁺ ions. Viscoelastic data of pure FOSTEA and FOSTEA/FOSLi/TEACl solutions lent support to these arguments for the role of TEA ions in the relaxation of FOSTEA/FOSLi solutions. Received: 12 October 1999/Accepted: 1 November 1999