Solid-state Ru-99 NMR spectroscopy: a useful tool for characterizing prototypal diamagnetic ruthenium compounds

The feasibility of (99)Ru NMR spectroscopy as a tool to characterize solid compounds is demonstrated. Results of the first solid-state (99)Ru NMR investigation of diamagnetic compounds are presented for Ru(NH(3))(6)Cl(2), K(4)Ru(CN)(6). xH(2)O (x = 0, 3), LaKRu(CN)(6), and Ru(3)(CO)(12). The sensitivity of the ruthenium magnetic shielding tensor to subtle changes in the local structure about the ruthenium nucleus is highlighted by comparing the (99)Ru isotropic chemical shift of Ru(NH(3))(6)Cl(2) in aqueous solutions and in the solid state. The narrow isotropic (99)Ru NMR peak observed for solid Ru(NH(3))(6)Cl(2) indicates that this compound is an ideal secondary reference sample for solid-state (99)Ru NMR studies. The isotropic (99)Ru chemical shift, (99)Ru nuclear quadrupolar coupling constant, C(Q), and quadrupolar asymmetry parameter of K(4)Ru(CN)(6). xH(2)O (x = 0, 3) are shown to be sensitive to x. For Ru(3)(CO)(12), the magnetic shielding tensors of each of the three nonequivalent Ru nuclei have spans of 1300-1400 ppm, and the (99)Ru C(Q) values are also similar, 1.36-1.85 MHz, and are surprisingly small given that (99)Ru has a moderate nuclear quadrupole moment. Information about the relative orientation of the Ru magnetic shielding and electric field gradient tensors has been determined for Ru(3)(CO)(12) from experimental (99)Ru NMR spectra as well as quantum chemical calculations.     

A solid-state NMR investigation of single-source precursors for group 12 metal selenides; M[N(iPr2PSe)2]2 (M = Zn, Cd, Hg)

The first solid-state NMR investigation of dichalcogenoimidodiphosphinato complexes, M[N(R(2)PE)(2)](n), is presented. The single-source precursors for metal-selenide materials, M[N((i)Pr(2)PSe)(2)](2) (M = Zn, Cd, Hg), were studied by solid-state (31)P, (77)Se, (113)Cd, and (199)Hg NMR at 4.7, 7.0, and 11.7 T, representing the only (77)Se NMR measurements, and in the case of Cd[N((i)Pr(2)PSe)(2)](2)(113)Cd NMR measurements, to have been performed on these complexes. Residual dipolar coupling between (14)N and (31)P was observed in solid-state (31)P NMR spectra at 4.7 and 7.0 T yielding average values of R((31)P,(14)N)(eff) = 880 Hz, C(Q)((14)N) = 3.0 MHz, (1)J((31)P,(14)N)(iso) = 15 Hz, alpha = 90 degrees , beta = 26 degrees . The solid-state NMR spectra obtained were used to determine the respective phosphorus, selenium, cadmium, and mercury chemical shift tensors along with the indirect spin-spin coupling constants: (1)J((77)Se,(31)P)(iso), (1)J((111/113)Cd,(77)Se)(iso), (1)J((199)Hg,(77)Se)(iso), and (2)J((199)Hg,(31)P)(iso). Density functional theory magnetic shielding tensor calculations were performed yielding the orientations of the corresponding chemical shift tensors. For this series of complexes the phosphorus magnetic shielding tensors are essentially identical, the selenium magnetic shielding tensors are also very similar with respect to each other, and the magnetic shielding tensors of the central metals, cadmium and mercury, display near axial symmetry demonstrating an expected deviation from local S(4) symmetry.     

A solid-state 53Cr NMR study of chromate and dichromate salts

Solid-state (53)Cr NMR spectra of a series of chromate (CrO4(2-)) and dichromate (Cr2O7(2-)) salts have been examined by employing the stepped-frequency quadrupolar Carr-Purcell Meiboom-Gill (QCPMG) experiment and high applied magnetic field strengths, 11.75 and 18.8 T. Cr-53 nuclear quadrupolar coupling constants, CQ(53Cr), ranging from 1.23 to 5.01 MHz for the Cr(4(2-) salts and 7.25 to 8.14 MHz for the Cr2O7(2-) salts have been measured. For the dichromate salts, this corresponds to central transition 53Cr NMR lineshapes of 200-250 kHz at 18.8 T. The use of hyperbolic secant (HS) pulses in combination with the Hahn-echo (HE) or QCPMG experiment results in significant sensitivity enhancements when acquiring 53Cr NMR spectra of magic-angle spinning (MAS) samples, provided the MAS rate is fast with respect to the second-order quadrupolar interaction. For the CrO4(2-) and Cr2O7(2-) salts, the anisotropic chromium magnetic shielding interaction is generally negligible compared to the second-order 53Cr nuclear quadrupolar interaction. No simple correlation between the structure of the CrO4(2-) and Cr2O7(2-) anions and the observed CQ(53Cr) values has been found.     

Ultrahigh-field NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar transition metals: 55Mn NMR of several solid manganese carbonyls

55Mn NMR spectra acquired at 21.14 T (nu(L)(55Mn) = 223.1 MHz) are presented and demonstrate the advantages of using ultrahigh magnetic fields for characterizing the chemical shift tensors of several manganese carbonyls: eta5-CpMn(CO)3, Mn2(CO)10, and (CO)5MnMPh3 (M = Ge, Sn, Pb). For the compounds investigated, the anisotropies of the manganese chemical shift tensors are less than 250 ppm except for eta5-CpMn(CO)3, which has an anisotropy of 920 ppm. At 21.14 T, one can excite the entire m(I) = 1/2 <--> m(I) = -1/2 central transition of eta5-CpMn(CO)3, which has a breadth of approximately 700 kHz. The breadth arises from second-order quadrupolar broadening due to the 55Mn quadrupolar coupling constant of 64.3 MHz, as well as the anisotropic shielding. Subtle variations in the electric field gradient tensors at the manganese are observed for crystallographically unique sites in two of the solid pentacarbonyls, resulting in measurably different C(Q) values. MQMAS experiments are able to distinguish four magnetically unique Mn sites in (CO)(5)MnPbPh3, each with slightly different values of delta(iso), C(Q), and eta(Q).     

An NMR and relativistic DFT investigation of one-bond nuclear spin-spin coupling in solid triphenyl group-14 chlorides

A solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and zeroth-order regular approximation density functional theory, ZORA-DFT, study of one-bond nuclear spin-spin coupling between group-14 nuclei and quadrupolar 35/37Cl nuclei in triphenyl group-14 chlorides, Ph3XCl (X = C, Si, Ge, Sn and Pb), is presented. This represents the first combined experimental and theoretical systematic study of spin-spin coupling involving spin-pairs containing quadrupolar nuclei. Solid-state NMR spectra have been acquired for all compounds in which X has a spin-1/2 isotope--13C, 29Si, [117/119]Sn and 207Pb-at applied magnetic fields of 4.70, 7.05 and 11.75 T. From simulations of these spectra, values describing the indirect spin-spin coupling tensor-the isotropic indirect spin-spin coupling constant, 1J(X, 35/37Cl)iso and the anisotropy of the J tensor, Delta1J(X, 35/37Cl)--have been determined for all but the lead-chlorine spin-pair. To better compare the indirect spin-spin coupling parameters between spin-pairs, 1J(iso) and Delta1J values were converted to their reduced coupling constants, 1K(iso) and Delta1K. From experiment, the sign of 1K(iso) was found to be negative while the sign of Delta1K is positive for all spin-pairs investigated. The magnitude of both 1K(iso) and Delta1K was found to increase as one moves down group-14. Theoretical values of the magnitude and sign of 1K(iso) and Delta1K were obtained from ZORA-DFT calculations and are in agreement with the available experimental data. From the calculations, the Fermi-contact mechanism was determined to provide the largest contribution to 1K(iso) for all spin-pairs while spin-dipolar and paramagnetic spin-orbit mechanisms make significant contributions to the anisotropy of K. The inclusion of relativistic effects was found to influence K(Sn,Cl) and K(Pb,Cl).     

共振辐射的理论研究——Holstein方程的解

解决介质中共振辐射的关键问题是求解Holstein方程。本文直接利用算符运算将方程积分,给出了激发态粒子集居数的含无限项的级数表达式。基于对这个级数高阶系数的极限行为的研究,成功地克服了无穷项求和的困难,整理出一个在任意给定精度下都只含有限项的解式,由它可以计算出任何时刻的结果。 关键词：     

13C spin-lattice relaxation in rotationally disordered solids

¹³C spin-lattice relaxation times and ¹⁴N linewidths at selected temperatures in liquid and solid I (plastic) succinonitrile are reported. Effective rotational correlation times are derived from these and the results for solid I are discussed in terms of a model which assumes that the main contributions to the rotational disorder come from gauche?trans isomerization and the jumping of the central C-C bond of the trans species between the 3-fold axes of the b.c.c. lattice. The general applicability of the ¹³C technique is emphasized and the results are compared with those of other experiments reported in the literature.     

A 13C solid-state NMR investigation of the alkynyl carbon chemical shift tensors for 2-butyne-1,4-diol

The alkynyl carbon chemical shift (CS) tensors for 2-butyne-1,4-diol are reported, based on analyses of the carbon-13 NMR spectra of stationary-powder and slow magic-angle spinning (MAS) samples for which the alkynyl carbon nuclei are enriched in 13C. NMR spectra of slow MAS samples exhibit spinning-frequency-dependent fine structure typical of crystallographically equivalent but magnetically distinct nuclei. Simulated spectra of slow MAS samples of this two-spin system are particularly sensitive to the relative orientations of the CS tensors. In addition, the value of 1J(13C, 13C), +175 +/- 10 Hz, is determined by examination of the total NMR lineshape of slow MAS samples. The CS tensors are almost axially symmetric, delta11 = 158.9 +/- 1.0 ppm and delta22 = 155.7 +/- 1.0 ppm; the direction of greatest shielding is approximately along the alkynyl C-C bond, delta33 = -57.8 +/- 2.0 ppm. Both the magnitudes of the principal components of the CS tensors and their orientations are in agreement with those predicted from first-principles calculations at the HF and MP2 levels of theory. This study demonstrates the importance of examining the NMR spectra of homonuclear two-spin systems with and without MAS under a variety of conditions (e.g., two or more applied magnetic fields and slow MAS).     

Sensitivity enhancement of NMR spectra of half-integer spin quadrupolar nuclei in solids using hyperbolic secant pulses

The experimental factors influencing the enhancements achievable for the central NMR transition, m(I)=1/2-->m(I)=-1/2, of spin-3/2 and spin-5/2 nuclei in the solid state using hyperbolic secant, HS, pulses for population transfer are investigated. In the case of powder samples spinning at the magic angle, it is found that the spinning frequency, the bandwidth and the frequency offset of the HS pulse play a crucial role in determining the maximum enhancements. Specifically, the bandwidth must be set to the spinning frequency for maximum signal enhancements. The (87)Rb NMR enhancement obtained for RbClO(4) using HS pulses was relatively insensitive to the magic angle spinning frequency; however, in the case of Al(acac)(3), the (27)Al enhancement increased with MAS frequency. In order to obtain an adiabatic HS sweep, one should optimize the rf field for a given pulse duration or optimize the pulse duration for a given rf field.