Synthesis and Characterization of Bis-1,2,3-Triazole Ligand and its Corresponding Copper Complex for the Development of Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors

The bis-triazole ligand and its corresponding copper complexes were synthesized and characterized for the first time and proposed as new labels for the development of electrochemical aptasensors. The bis-triazole ligand was prepared from methyl 1,6-heptadiyne-4-carboxylate and 2-(azidomethyl)phenol using classical CuAAC in presence of different copper salts. The X-ray structure of bis-triazole showed a symmetry center (C1). UV-Vis and X-band EPR spectra showed that the coordination capacity of the bis-triazole ligand was improved in the presence of triethylamine due to deprotonation of the triazole and phenolate moieties. After complexation with copper, the obtained complex was successfully attached to an anti-estradiol aptamer through thiol-maleimide coupling, and the resulting labelled aptamer was immobilized on a carbon screen-printed electrode by carbodiimide coupling. The electrochemical response of the resulting sensor was shown to decrease in the presence of estradiol, demonstrating that the developed complexes can be applied for the development of aptasensors.     

Energy dissipating hybrid control for impulsive dynamical systems

A novel class of fixed-order, energy-based hybrid controllers is proposed as a means for achieving enhanced energy dissipation in nonsmooth Euler–Lagrange, hybrid port-controlled Hamiltonian, and lossless impulsive dynamical systems. These dynamic controllers combine a logical switching architecture with hybrid dynamics to guarantee that the system plant energy is strictly decreasing across switchings. The general framework leads to hybrid closed-loop systems described by impulsive differential equations. Special cases of energy-based hybrid controllers involving state-dependent switching are described, and an illustrative numerical example is given to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.     

Applying local search to the feedback vertex set problem

The feedback vertex set problem (FVSP) consists in making a given directed graph acyclic by removing as few vertices as possible. In spite of the importance of this NP-hard problem, no local search approach had been proposed so far for tackling it. Building on a property of acyclic graphs, we suggest in this paper a new representation of the solutions of the FVSP (feedback sets). Thanks to this solution representation, we are able to design a local transformation (equivalent to a neighborhood) that changes a feedback set into a new one. Based on this neighborhood, we have developed a simulated annealing algorithm for the FVSP. Our experiments show that our algorithm outperforms the best existing heuristic, namely the greedy adaptive search procedure by Pardalos et al.     

Crystal structure and magnetic properties of Na2Ni(HPO3)2

Na₂Ni(HPO₃)₂, obtained as light yellow-green crystals under mild hydrothermal conditions, crystallizes in the orthorhombic Pnma space-group with lattice parameters: a=11.9886(3), b=5.3671(2), c=9.0764(3) Å, V=584.01 Å³, Z=4. The structure consists of zig-zag chains of NiO₆ octahedra bridged by two HPO₃²⁻ and the chains are further connected through HPO₃²⁻ to four nearest chains to form a three dimensional framework, delimiting intersecting tunnels in which the sodium ions are located. The Na cations reside in the irregular Na(1)O₅, Na-O of 2.276-2.745 Å, and Na(2)O₉, Na-O of 2.342-2.376 Å, environments. The presence of the phosphite monoanion has been further confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Due to the 3D framework of Ni connected by O-P-O bridges, the magnetic susceptibility behaves as a paramagnet above 100 K (C=1.49(2) emu K mol⁻¹, μ_eff=3.45 μ_B, Θ=−39(2) K) and below 6 K, it orders antiferromagnetically as confirmed the sharp drop and the non-Brillouin behavior of the isothermal magnetization at 2 K.     

Solid-phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers for selective extraction of a mycotoxin in cereals

The aim of this work was to develop a method for the clean-up of a mycotoxin, i.e. Ochratoxin A (OTA), from cereal extracts employing a new molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as selective sorbent for solid-phase extraction (SPE) and to compare with an immunoaffinity column. A first series of experiments was carried out in pure solvents to estimate the potential of the imprinted sorbent in terms of selectivity studying the retention of OTA on the MIP and on a non-imprinted polymer using conventional crushed monolith. The selectivity of the MIP was also checked by its application to wheat extracts. Then, after this feasibility study, two different formats of MIP: crushed monolith and micro-beads were evaluated and compared. Therefore an optimization procedure was applied to the selective extraction from wheat using the MIP beads. The whole procedure was validated by applying it to wheat extract spiked by OTA at different concentration levels and then to a certified contaminated wheat sample. Recoveries close to 100% were obtained. The high selectivity brought by the MIP was compared to the selectivity by an immunoaffinity cartridge for the clean-up of the same wheat sample. The study of capacity of both showed a significant higher capacity of the MIP.     

Synthesis,characterization, antifungal and antibacterial activities evaluation of copper (II), zinc (II) and cadmium (II) chloride and bromide complexes with new (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-methylthiosemicarbazone ligand

The reactions of Cu (II), Zn (II) and Cd (II) chloride or bromide with (E)-1-(3,4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-4-methylthiosemicarbazone (MTSVT) lead to the formation of new complexes. They were characterized by spectroscopic studies: IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR. The crystal structures of the compounds [MTSVT] ( L ), [ZnBr₂(MTSVT)₂] ( 2 ), [CdCl₂(MTSVT)₂] ( 3 ) and [CdBr₂(MTSVT)₂^.H₂O] ( 4 ) were determined by X-ray diffraction. For complexes 2 – 4 , the ion is coordinated through the sulfur atom. All compounds were tested for their antifungal activity against human pathogenic fungi Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, and for their antibacterial activity against Gram (+) Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis as well as against Gram (−) bacteria such as Paracoccus yeei and Acinetobacter baumanii. The results indicated that the metal complexes exhibited a marked enhancement in antibacterial activity compared with the parent Schiff base.