Structure and Dynamics of Confined Polymer Melts from Attractive Interaction to Repulsive Interaction Between Polymer and Smooth Wall

We studied the static and dynamic properties of unentangled polymer chains which have a variable strength of interaction with the confining smooth walls by means of the lattice Monte Carlo simulation based on the bond-fluctuation model, that is, investigated the wall-polymer interactions which systematically vary from attraction to repulsion. A critical value of attractive potential(ε_wc) is found to be -0.6k_BT, and only below it can the adsorption layer of monomers be formed near the wall. At the critical point of attraction ε_wc, attractive interaction counterba- lances the wall-polymer excluded volume effect, which minimizes the confinement effects on both chain dimension and mobility. Influences on both chain dimension and mobility increase with the increasing of either attraction or repulsion imposed by the walls. Despite of the nature and strength of the wall-polymer interaction, with the decrease of film thickness, configurations more parallelly aligned and flattened are adopted by confined chains, and a systematic trend of deceleration is found. Variations of chain dynamics with both film thickness and wall-polymer interaction can be well explained by the corresponding changes in the confinement of the nearest-neighboring particles that surround the chains. Besides, the thickness of the interfacial layer inside polymer films, where chains adopt a flattened “pancake” shape, is about two times the bulk radius of gyration and independent of the wall-polymer interaction.     

辐照聚苯乙烯溶胶性质的SEC—LALLS法研究

聚苯乙烯是一种耐辐照的通用高分子材料。用其它方法来表征其微观反应参量,辐照剂量需要很大,周期长,而用SEC-LALLS法,则仅需凝胶点前知识,相应需要时间短,有关这方面的研究工作还未见文献详细报导。     

聚偏氟乙烯的辐射交联及其交联度的XPS表征

本文首次用XPS研究了聚偏氟乙烯的辐射交联机理,交联度的XPS表征。计算出聚偏氟乙烯的β值为0.7,发现聚偏氟乙烯的辐射交联的溶胶分数与辐照剂量的关系符合我们提出的通式^[1]。用XPS方法求得聚偏氟乙烯的凝胶化剂量为1.59mrad。     

高分子膜湿度传感器的制备

近年来对高分子电解质湿敏材料的研制十分活跃,本文报道以聚γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷季铵化合物的湿敏材料及其元件性能。 试剂 γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(盖县化工厂),使用前蒸馏,折光指数n_D~(20)为1.4190;碘甲烷、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、甲苯、无水乙醇皆为分析纯。     

Calorimetric analysis of the multiple melting behavior of melt-crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) with a low optical purity

The polymorphous crystallization and multiple melting behavior of poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with an optical purity of 92 % were investigated after isothermally crystallized from the melt state by wide-angle X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Owing to the low optical purity, it was found that the disordered (α′) and ordered (α) crystalline phases of PLLA were formed in the samples crystallized at lower (<95 °C) and higher (≥95 °C) temperatures, respectively. The melting behavior of PLLA is different in three regions of crystallization temperature (T _c) divided into Region I (T _c < 95 °C), Region II (95 °C ≤ T _c < 120 °C), and Region III (T _c ≥ 120 °C). In Region I, an exothermic peak was observed between the low-temperature and high-temperature endothermic peaks, which results from the solid–solid phase transition of α′-form crystal to α one. In Region II, the double-melting peaks can be mainly ascribed to the melting–recrystallization–remelting of less stable α crystals. In Region III, the single endotherm shows that the α crystals formed at higher temperatures are stable enough and melt directly without the recrystallization process during heating.     

Effect of different carbon conductive additives on electrochemical properties of LiFePO4-C/Li batteries

LiFePO₄-C nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and subsequent high-energy ball-milling. Different carbon conductive additives including nanosized acetylene black (AB) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) were used to enhance the electronic conductivity of LiFePO₄. The structural and morphological performance of LiFePO₄-C nanoparticles was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties of LiFePO₄-C/Li batteries were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry and charge/discharge tests. XRD results demonstrate that LiFePO₄-C nanoparticles have an orthorhombic olivine-type structure with a space group of Pnma. LiFePO₄-C/Li battery with 5 wt% MWCNT displays the best electrochemical properties with a discharge capacity of 142 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.25 C at room temperature.     

链结构对1,2-聚丁二烯辐照行为的影响

在γ射线照射下,线型聚合物或是交联,或是裂解,或二者兼有之。这取决于聚合物的化学结构。在辐照交联过程中聚合物的交联度及裂解度与辐照剂量成比例。有的文献认为溶胶分数与辐照剂量成正比^[1],有的认为与剂量的1/2次方成正比^[2]。     

用辐射交联方法估算聚合物的分子链内旋转位阻因子

作为一种结构参数,聚合物的分子链内旋转位阻因子可表征聚合物分子链的柔顺性,并与聚合物的许多物理性质相关联。过去实验事实表明,聚合物的辐射交联行为与其分子链柔顺性密切相关。本工作从这一结论出发,研究聚合物的分子链内旋转让阻因子(σ)与其交联参数β之间的关系,为估算聚合物σ值提供一种新方法。