Long pulse duration of the UV laser with a multi-reflected cavity: Experiment and modeling

The long pulse operation of ultraviolet (UV) laser attributed to multi-reflection is presented on an acousto-optic (AO) Q-switched ultraviolet laser system blocking green light inside a cavity. The ultraviolet laser with the highest average power of 456 mW is obtained with 20 kHz repetition-rate. The numerical simulation of UV pulse broadening was studied using Gaussian curve approximation. The conclusion suggests that the short multi-reflected cavity and high incident pump power will be beneficial to alleviate the width broadening effect. The results, for the first time, would provide the technology for controlling the pulse width of an AO Q-switched DUV laser.     

ICP-AES测定口香糖中的7种元素

对比了碱熔法和湿法消解两种不同的方法处理样品,用电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定口香糖中的Ti、Mn、Al、Ca、As、Pb、Cd元素。并对结果比较好的湿法消解方法进行了加标回收实验,平均回收率在97.5%—102.5%之间。     

Optical characterization of antimony-based bismuth-doped thin films with different annealing temperatures

Antimony-based bismuth-doped thin film,a new kind of super-resolution mask layer,is prepared by magnetron sputtering.The structures and optical constants of the thin films before and after annealing are examined in detail.The as-deposited film is mainly in an amorphous state.After annealing at 170-370℃,it is converted to the rhombohedral-type of structure.The extent of crystallization increased with the annealing temperature.When the thin film is annealed,its refractive index decreased in the most visible region,whereas the extinction coefficient and reflectivity are markedly increased.The results indicate that the optical parameters of the film strongly depend on its microstructure and the bonding of the atoms.     

Monte Carlo Methods for Estimating Interfacial Free Energies and Line Tensions

Excess contributions to the free energy due to interfaces occur for many problems encountered in the statistical physics of condensed matter when coexistence between different phases is possible (e.g. wetting phenomena, nucleation, crystal growth, etc.). This article reviews two methods to estimate both interfacial free energies and line tensions by Monte Carlo simulations of simple models, (e.g. the Ising model, a symmetrical binary Lennard-Jones fluid exhibiting a miscibility gap, and a simple Lennard-Jones fluid). One method is based on thermodynamic integration. This method is useful to study flat and inclined interfaces for Ising lattices, allowing also the estimation of line tensions of three-phase contact lines, when the interfaces meet walls (where “surface fields” may act). A generalization to off-lattice systems is described as well. The second method is based on the sampling of the order parameter distribution of the system throughout the two-phase coexistence region of the model. Both the interface free energies of flat interfaces and of (spherical or cylindrical) droplets (or bubbles) can be estimated, including also systems with walls, where sphere-cap shaped wall-attached droplets occur. The curvature-dependence of the interfacial free energy is discussed, and estimates for the line tensions are compared to results from the thermodynamic integration method. Basic limitations of all these methods are critically discussed, and an outlook on other approaches is given.     

Spectroscopic Properties and Laser Induced Fluorescence Determination of Some Endocrine Disrupting Compounds

This work presents spectroscopic properties of some Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs), frequently found in food and in natural water. Studied molecules belong to the groups of phenolic and phthalate EDCs. In a first part, we have examined their absorption and fluorescence properties. Fluorescence emission wavelengths are about 300 nm for phenolic compounds and 360 nm for phtalate compounds; main excitation wavelengths being comprised between 210 nm and 230 nm. Fluorescence lifetimes measured are short (about 4 ns) and the fluorescence quantum yield has been determined. In a second part, to avoid the time consuming solvent extraction step, an analytical application to evaluate the performance of a direct analysis by laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy of ECDs traces in tap water and in raw water is presented. Good detection limits have been obtained, i.e.: 0.35 μg.L⁻¹ of chlorophenol in tap water, which are always lower than the reported Predictive Non Efficient Concentration (PNEC).     

Theoretical and experimental study of laser induced damage on GaAs by nanosecond pulsed irradiation

The surface damage experiments of gallium arsenide (GaAs) single crystal irradiated by 1.06 and 0.53 μm nanosecond irradiations are carried out with fundamental and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser, respectively. The surface damage thresholds for both wavelengths are experimentally determined and the damaged morphologies and elementary component are analyzed with electron probe microanalyzer (EPM). It is found that the components of Ga and As almost keep constant in our experiments when the irradiated fluence is just around the surface damage threshold and no oxygen is found at all. The theoretical calculations on temperature rise for both wavelengths are carried out using the purely thermal model. It is shown that for irradiation with photon energy above the corresponding band gap the theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the experimental results; however, for that with photon energy just below the band gap, the experimental results cannot be effectively explained by the purely thermal heating mechanism. Combining with the experiment of multi-shot damage from references we finally conclude that the damage by laser irradiation with photon energy below the band gap should be explained by the micro-defect accumulation and consequently enhanced absorption heating mechanism.     

Study of nickel silicide formation on Si(1 1 0) substrate

Nickel silicide formation on Si(1 1 0) and Si(1 0 0) substrate was investigated in this paper. It is confirmed that nickel monosilicide (NiSi) starts to form after 450 °C annealing for Si(1 0 0) substrate, but a higher annealing temperature is required for NiSi formation on Si(1 1 0) substrate, which is demonstrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scattering spectroscopy. The higher formation temperature of NiSi is attributed to the larger Ni₂Si grain size formed on Si(1 1 0) substrate. Ni silicided Schottky contacts on both Si(1 0 0) and Si(1 1 0) substrates were also fabricated for electrical characteristics evaluation. It clearly reveals that the rectifying characteristics of NiSi/n-Si(1 1 0) Schottky contacts is inferior to that of NiSi/n-Si(1 0 0) Schottky contacts, which is attributed to a lower Schottky barrier height and a rougher contact interface. The formation kinetics for nickel silicide on Si(1 1 0) substrate is also discussed in this paper.     

300mm平面标准镜装卡结构的关键参数

为了实现大口径平面标准镜的高精结构装卡,对其在重力作用下的面形变化进行了研究。首先,对结构胶的有限元建模进行了理论分析,建立了大口径平面标准镜胶结装卡结构有限元模型。然后,分析了不同胶点数量及分布、不同胶接面积以及不同镜框支撑方式等关键结构参数对参考面面形的影响。最后,设计了大口径平面标准镜胶结及支撑的结构。结果表明,采用胶点直径为5 mm,12×3胶点分布形式胶结时,参考面面形的PV值为24.06 nm,RMS值为6.78 nm,满足了大口径平面标准镜面形精度的要求。     

Reconstruction of band-limited signals from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the linear canonical transform domain

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are a family of integral transforms with wide application in optical, acoustical, electromagnetic, and other wave propagation problems. This paper addresses the problem of signal reconstruction from multichannel and periodic nonuniform samples in the LCT domain. Firstly, the multichannel sampling theorem (MST) for band-limited signals with the LCT is proposed based on multichannel system equations, which is the generalization of the well-known sampling theorem for the LCT. We consider the problem of reconstructing the signal from its samples which are acquired using a multichannel sampling scheme. For this purpose, we propose two alternatives. The first scheme is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse LCT operation. The second is based on the conventional Fourier series and inverse Fourier transform (FT) operation. Moreover, the classical Papoulis MST in FT domain is shown to be special case of the achieved results. Since the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal in the LCT has valuable applications, the reconstruction expression for the periodic nonuniformly sampled signal has been then obtained by using the derived MST and the specific space-shifting property of the LCT. Last, the potential applications of the MST are presented to show the advantage of the theory.     

The construction of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbitals in asymmetric strongly nonlinear systems based on the Pad'e approximant

In this paper, the extended Pad'e approximant is used to construct the homoclinic and the heteroclinic trajectories in nonlinear dynamical systems that are asymmetric at origin. Meanwhile, the conservative system, the autonomous system, and the nonautonomous system equations with quadratic and cubic nonlinearities are considered. The disturbance parameter varepsilon is not limited to being small. The ranges of the values of the linear and the nonlinear term parameters, which are variables, can be determined when the boundary values are satisfied. New conditions for the potentiality and the convergence are posed to make it possible to solve the boundary-value problems formulated for the orbitals and to evaluate the initial amplitude values.