Measurement of aerosol size distribution functions by wavelength-multiplexed laser extinction

Previous work on the measurement of aerosol size distribution functions (SDFs) by laser extinction mainly relied on light sources from a relatively narrow wavelength range. This paper investigates the potential advantages of extending the extinction method to a general wavelength-multiplexed laser extinction (WMLE) concept by incorporating an arbitrary number of laser sources from a wider wavelength range. This extension improves the sensitivity of SDF measurements over wider aerosol diameter ranges and enables a stable algorithm to invert the extinction data to obtain SDFs. These advantages are illustrated by an example WMLE scheme employing wavelengths in the spectral range from 0.25 to 10μm to measure SDFs of water aerosols. Application of this approach to other aerosol systems is also considered. The WMLE scheme was found to provide stable determination of a variety of SDFs with Sauter mean diameters ranging from sub-micron to about 10μm. The sensitivity of such determinations was evaluated to reveal the optimum applicable range of the wavelengths employed. The analyses performed here provide theoretical background and motivation for practical applications of the WMLE concept.     

双层金属锥形扁壳的非线性热稳定性

本文提出有关双层金属锥形扁壳在均匀温度场作用下的非线性稳定性的一般理论.将双层壳体的基本方程简化为与经典壳体理论相似的形式,通过比拟,以作用于锥形扁壳边界上的均匀分布的相当边界力矩来替换温度效应,采用修正迭代法求解.文中给出了临界跳跃力矩曲线.它对于工程上各种仪表弹性元件的设计具有一定的参考价值.     

类金钢石非晶碳薄膜的光吸收和光致发光研究

我们用激光轰击石墨靶成功地制备出类金刚石无氢非晶碳薄膜.测量了光学吸收、光致发光及其随入射光强度的变化关系.结果表明,这种薄膜具有类金刚石的性质,光学带隙在1.67-2.25eV,发光在可见光区呈宽带结构.低激发强度下发光强度超线性变化,而在高激发强度下则为线性发光.我们用非成对载流子复合的模型对结果给出了合理的解释.用带尾态饱和的模型解释了发光峰值随激发光强增加而蓝移的现象.     

Structured mirror array for two-dimensional collimation of a chromium beam in atom lithography

Direct-write atom lithography,one of the potential nanofabrication techniques,is restricted by some difficulties in producing optical masks for the deposition of complex structures.In order to make further progress,a structured mirror array is developed to transversely collimate the chromium atomic beam in two dimensions.The best collimation is obtained when the laser red detunes by natural line-width of transition 7S3 → 7P40 of the chromium atom.The collimation ratio is 0.45 vertically(in x axis),and it is 0.55 horizontally(in y axis).The theoretical model is also simulated,and success of our structured mirror array is achieved.     

Pulsed microwave damage trend of bipolar transistor as a function of pulse parameters

In the present paper we conduct a theoretical study of the thermal accumulation effect of a typical bipolar transistor caused by high power pulsed microwave (HPM), and investigate the thermal accumulation effect as a function of pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and duty cycle. A study of the damage mechanism of the device is carried out from the variation analysis of the distribution of the electric field and the current density. The result shows that the accumulation temperature increases with PRF increasing and the threshold for the transistor is about 2 kHz. The response of the peak temperature induced by the injected single pulses indicates that the falling time is much longer than the rising time. Adopting the fitting method, the relationship between the peak temperature and the time during the rising edge and that between the peak temperature and the time during the falling edge are obtained. Moreover, the accumulation temperature decreases with duty cycle increasing for a certain mean power.     

Novel loop-like solitons for generalized Vakhnenko equation

A nontraveling wave solution of a generalized Vakhnenko equation arising from the high-frequent wave motion in a relaxing medium is derived via the extended Riccati mapping method. The solution includes an arbitrary function of an independent variable. Based on the solution, two hyperbolic functions are chosen to construct new solitons. Novel single-loop-like and double-loop-like solitons are found for the equation.     

基于多重散射强度和偏振特征的舰船尾流气泡激光探测方法

研究多重散射效应对舰船尾流气泡群光散射强度和偏振特征的影响是舰船光尾流探测以及新型光自导鱼雷研究的基础. 基于矢量Monte Carlo方法建立了舰船尾流气泡群激光后向探测仿真模型, 重点研究了尾流气泡群的多重散射机理,分析了多重散射效应、尾流气泡群密度对回波信号强度和偏振特征的影响规律. 基于粒子碰撞重要性抽样的基本思想, 在传统能量接收方法的基础上, 提出了回波光子偏振贡献接收方法和回波信号偏振信息统计方法, 解决了小视场系统光子返回概率低无法形成回波能量的难题. 构建了模拟尾流气泡群激光散射强度和偏振探测实验平台, 从实验的角度验证了模拟结果的准确性. 实验和模拟结果的一致性表明, 利用回波强度、偏振信息可表征气泡群距离、密度信息, 从而可对舰船尾流特别是低密度尾流进行高精度的探测和辨识. 关键词： Monte Carlo 偏振 多重散射 气泡     

CVD金刚石中的氮对等离子体刻蚀的影响

采用非对称磁镜场电子回旋共振等离子体分别对沉积过程中掺氮和未掺氮的化学气相沉积金刚石膜进行了刻蚀研究, 结果表明: 掺氮制备的金刚石膜的刻蚀主要集中在晶棱处, 经过4h刻蚀后其表面粗糙度由刻蚀前的4.761 μm下降至3.701 μm, 刻蚀对金刚石膜的表面粗糙度的影响较小; 而未掺氮制备的金刚石膜的刻蚀表现为晶面的均匀刻蚀, 晶粒坍塌,刻蚀4h后其表面粗糙度由刻蚀前的3.061 μm下降至1.083 μm. 刻蚀导致表面粗糙度显著降低. 上述差别的主要原因在于金刚石膜沉积过程中掺氮导致氮缺陷在金刚石晶棱处富集, 晶棱处电子发射加强, 引导离子向晶棱运动并产生刻蚀, 从而加剧晶棱的刻蚀. 而未掺氮金刚石膜,其缺陷相对较少且分布较均匀 ,刻蚀时整体呈现为 (111) 晶面被均匀刻蚀继而晶粒坍塌的现象. 关键词： 掺氮 金刚石膜 刻蚀 非对称磁镜场     

基于表面阻抗边界条件的等离子体薄涂层电磁散射的时域有限差分分析

基于表面阻抗边界条件时域有限差分(FDTD)方法研究了一维斜入射情况下非磁化等离子体薄涂层涂敷金属材料的电磁散射特性, 该方法忽略对薄层背景材料进行网格剖分, 大大减少了计算量. 首先推导了理想导体涂敷等离子体薄涂层的表面阻抗频域表达式, 然后代入边界条件并变换到时域, 再用分段线性递推卷积方法将时域表达式离散得到FDTD迭代式. 编程计算了垂直及斜入射情形下的平行极化和垂直极化反射系数, 通过验证算例与解析解对比, 结果表明该方法的准确性和有效性. 最后利用该方法分析了不同入射角对反射系数的影响.     

纳米多晶铜中冲击波阵面的分子动力学研究

冲击波阵面反映材料在冲击压缩下的弹塑性变形行为以及屈服强度、应变率条件等宏观量, 还与冲击压缩后的强度变化联系. 本文使用分子动力学方法, 模拟研究了冲击压缩下纳米多晶铜中的动态塑性变形过程, 考察了冲击波阵面和弹塑性机理对晶界存在的依赖, 并与纳米多晶铝的冲击压缩进行了比较. 研究发现: 相比晶界对纳米多晶铝的贡献而言, 纳米多晶铜中晶界对冲击波阵面宽度的影响较小; 并且其塑性变形机理主要以不全位错的发射和传播为主, 很少观察到全位错和形变孪晶的出现. 模拟还发现纳米多晶铜的冲击波阵面宽度随着冲击应力的增加而减小, 并得到了冲击波阵面宽度与冲击应力之间的定量反比关系, 该定量关系与他人纳米多晶铜模拟结果相近, 而与粗晶铜的冲击压缩实验结果相差较大.