Effects of adsorbates on electron spin polarization in low energy electron diffraction from tungsten (001): I. Disordered CO and O2 overlayers

Electron spin polarization and intensity profiles have been measured in low energy electron diffraction (LEED) for the (00) beam at θ = 13δ and ø = 0δ from W(001) as a function of surface exposure to CO and O₂. Significant changes have been observed in the profiles upon exposure to both adsorbate gases, and the implications of these results are discussed.     

Long-range memory effects in flows involving abrupt changes in geometry: Part I: flows associated with I-shaped and T-shaped geometries

This is a theoretical paper which attempts to study for the first time the effect of high elasticity in flow situations involving elastico-viscous liquids and abrupt changes in geometry. It is argued that implicit rheological models are essential in this exercise and, accordingly, the numerical method of solution is forced to recognise the equations of continuity, the stress equations of motion and the rheological equations as separate equations involving velocity, pressure and stress variables with appropriate boundary conditions on these variables.The present paper is concerned with L-shaped and T-shaped geometries, and the effect of elasticity is assessed by comparing the numerical predictions for an elastic liquid with those for an inelastic liquid with the same “viscosity” behaviour. This comparison is facilitated by a simple limiting procedure outlined in Section 2.The main conclusions from the work are that, in general terms, elasticity works against inertia, reducing the pressure drop caused by the abrupt change in geometry and reducing the area of influence of the bend (for finite Reynolds numbers). So far as the stress fields are concerned most interest centres on the corner region, as one would expect, but there is also a region of normal-stress activity, which is generated by “stretching” rather than “shearing”.In an appendix, some consideration is given to the entry-length and exit-length problems. It is concluded that the overall problem is a complex one, since it depends to a large measure on the criterion one uses for “fully-developed” flow. If a fairly crude criterion is used, fluid elasticity is found to decrease the entry-length and increase the exit-length.     

Experimental and theoretical aspects of the two-roll mill problem

Experiments are described in which two cylinders of the same radii-rotate with identical speeds in a bath of Newtonian or non-Newtonian liquid. The torque on one of the cylinders is measured as a function of rotational speed for various values of the cylinder separation and the flow patterns are observed by a dye-injection technique.The observed experimental results for a Newtonian liquid correlate well with the theoretical predictions but a similar correlation in the case of elastic liquids is made difficult by the strongly three-dimensional nature of the flow in this case and the difficulty in estimating the amount of liquid passing through the rollers. The possibility of flow reversal effects due to the high Trouton ratios in the case of the elastic liquids is investigated both experimentally and theoretically.     

A study of the medium voltage and high voltage controlled waveform spark sources for the spectrometric analysis of aluminium alloys

A medium voltage and a high voltage controlled waveform spark source were investigated as light sources for the analysis of aluminium alloys in an argon atmosphere using a sequential spectrometer. Burn-off curves are given for all six elements investigated and a scanning electron microscope was used to study the discharge areas on the samples. It was found that the argon purity was critical and that for the spectral lines used the high voltage source generally yielded better precision and stability.     

Relation between Coleman-Noll,Rivlin-Ericksen,Green-Rivlin and Oldroyd fluids

Zusammenfassung Die Zustandsgleichungen der visko-elastischen Flüssigkeiten werden untersucht, und es wird versucht, die Gleichungen von Coleman und Noll, Rivlin und Ericksen, Green und Rivlin, und von Oldroyd in Verbindung zu setzen.     

The high-pressure liquid chromatographic separation of copper(II) and nickel(II) schiff base chelates on microparticulate silica

The separation of neutral copper and nickel chelates of two representative Schiff base ligands, N,N'-ethylenebis(acetylacetoneimine) and N,N'-ethylene-bis(salicylaldimine) is reported on a column of 10-μm diameter silica. Both pairs of chelates are well resolved with good peak shape and efficiencies when the mobile phase is 4 : 1 methylene chloride—acetonitrile. The u.v. detector response at 254 nm is linear over approximately three orders of magnitude of quantity of chelate injected; the detection limits are in the low nanogram range. Qualitative and quantitative elution of undegraded chelates was demonstrated by u.v. spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and electron spin resonance spectroscopy.