Enumeration and generation of a class of regular digraphs

We study the class of directed graphs that have indegree = outdegree = 2 at every vertex. These digraphs can be decomposed uniquely into “alternating cycles”, we use this decomposition to present efficient techniques for counting and generating them. The number (up to isomorphism) of these digraphs and the number of connected ones on up to 20 vertices have been computed and are presented.     

NEOCLASSICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR NONMARKET BENEFITS ESTIMATION

All-or-nothing demands and start-up costs for nonmarket goods are discussed within the framework of price discrimination models. We show that in an all-or-nothing bid situation, consumers will provide average rather than marginal values resulting in overstatement of consumers' surplus. Nonmarket goods are often provided under conditions which are exacerbated by start-up costs. Empirical measurement of nonmarket demand can contain significant error if these concepts are not properly applied.     

Quasi two bodye + e − annihilation

We present the helicity formalism fore ⁺ e^? annihilation into two-body resonance states, and show how to systematically extract the magnitudes and relative phases of the form factors present in the one-photon exchange approximation. This entails measurement of one-particle density matrices and certain polarization correlations in the final state. We discuss, as an example, the vector meson dominance expectations for annihilation into meson resonances and show how this model can be tested.     

Recent advances in small molecule microarrays: applications and technology

The field of Small Molecule Microarray's (SMM's) is an ever-expanding part of the larger microarray field. SMM's are array based detection systems that use small molecules as probes immobilized on a variety of microarray surfaces that are screened against a number of targets for purposes including, but not limited to, protein-small molecule ligand recognition and protein function profiling. This review covers the recent advances in the field with particular emphasis on the successful applications of SMM's, as well as technical advances in platform optimization and novel small molecule immobilization strategies.     

Maximal Effective Bandwidth of Constrained Traffic

We investigate the worst possible behavior of a stationary traffic source when the traffic emanating from it is required to meet certain constraints. Specifically, the peak rate of the source is required not to exceed a level and realizations must obey a leaky bucket constraint with bucket size and leak rate . The worst case source is considered to be the one with the largest effective bandwidth, a concept which arises in the large deviation theory of queueing networks and governs the asymptotic loss rate when a large number of sources send traffic to a single server queue. We conjecture the form of the worst case traffic in general and prove the conjecture for the special case when T, the time-scale parameter of the effective bandwidth, is less than both /(–) and /, the times taken respectively to fill and empty the leaky bucket.     

Coupling modulation in photorefractive materials by applying AC electric fields

In general, the application of an electric field to a photorefractive material with optical activity results in a change in the effective electro-optic coefficient, r_eff, which, in turn, alters the coupling between the two beams in a two-wave mixing experiment. When an alternating field is applied, this results in a modulation of both the phase and the coupling of the beams. Equations that have been developed to describe the change in the electro-optic coefficient as function of an applied dc field across an optically active crystal, have been used to demonstrate coupling modulation effects in BSO whilst applying large sinusoidal fields. Methods of overcoming these modulation effects are included.     

A graphical method for a class of Branin trajectories

The construction of Branin trajectories for locating the stationary points of a scalar function of many variables involves, in the general case, the numerical solution of a set of simultaneous ordinary differential equations, or some equivalent numerical procedure. For a function of only two variables which is separable in either the multiplicative or additive sense, it is shown that Branin trajectories may be obtained by a graphical method due to Volterra.The authors are indebted to Dr. L. C. W. Dixon for his helpful comments on the original draft of this paper.