Data analysis and prediction of the COVID-19 outbreak in the first and second waves for top 5 affected countries in the world

Nonlinear Dynamics - In this paper, we introduce a SEIATR compartmental model to analyze and predict the COVID-19 outbreak in the Top 5 affected countries in the world, namely the USA, India,...     

Isomeric yield ratios of 87m,gY from different nuclear reactions

We investigate the parity-violating nucleon-nucleon potential as obtained in chiral effective field theory. By using resonance saturation we compare the chiral potential to the more traditional one-meson-exchange potential. In particular, we show how parameters appearing in the different approaches can be compared with each other and demonstrate that analyses of parity violation in proton-proton scattering within the different approaches are in good agreement. In the second part of this work, we extend the parity-violating potential to next-to-next-to-leading order. We show that generally it includes both one-pion- and two-pion-exchange corrections, but the former play no significant role. The two-pion-exchange corrections depend on five new low-energy constants which only become important if the leading-order weak pion-nucleon constant h _π turns out to be very small.     

Bioconvection Due to Gyrotactic Microorganisms in Couple Stress Hybrid Nanofluid Laminar Mixed Convection Incompressible Flow with Magnetic Nanoparticles and Chemical Reaction as Carrier for Targeted Drug Delivery through Porous Stretching Sheet

In this paper, the steady electrically conducting hybrid nanofluid (CuO-Cu/blood) laminar-mixed convection incompressible flow at the stagnation-point with viscous and gyrotactic microorganisms is considered. Additionally, hybrid nanofluid flow over a horizontal porous stretching sheet along with an induced magnetic field and external magnetic field effects that can be used in biomedical fields, such as in drug delivery and the flow dynamics of the microcirculatory system. This investigation can also deliver a perfect view about the mass and heat transfer behavior of blood flow in a circulatory system and various hyperthermia treatments such as the treatment of cancer. The simple partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into a series of dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs), which are determined using appropriate similarities variables (HAM). The influence of the suction or injection parameter, mixed convection, Prandtl number, buoyancy ratio parameter, permeability parameter, magnetic parameter, reciprocal magnetic prandtl number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, coupled stress parameter, thermophoretic parameter, Schmidt number, inertial parameter, heat source parameter, and Brownian motion parameter on the concentration, motile microorganisms, velocity, and temperature is outlined, and we study the physical importance of the present problem graphically.     

A simple model for fluid accumulation and flow in a porous medium

A porous media model is derived describing the accumulation and flow of fluid within a domain. The model consists of a differential expression determining the saturated fluid subdomain and a relation describing the pressure distribution within that domain. The wellposedness and numerical solution of a simplified problem is presented and a validation using field rainfall outflow data collected from a highway roadbed is discussed.     

Historical incidents leading to the evolution of good manufacturing practice

The concept of good manufacturing practice (GMP) is not new; its roots are very old. The incidents that gave birth to the concept of GMP are summarized in this article. The journey from the FDA toward GMP is highlighted in chronological order. These regulations are mandatory for pharmaceutical industries in order to manufacture quality products.     

Substituent effects on cyclonona‐3,5,7‐trienylidenes: a quest for stable carbenes at density functional theory level

Nine boat‐shaped cyclonona‐3,5,7‐trienylidenes are compared and contrasted with respect to their multiplicity, nucleophilicity, electrophilicity, band gap (ΔE_{HOMO ? LUMO}), Natural bond orbital (NBO) atomic charge, force constant, as well as the aptitude for dimerization, and rearrangement through proper isodesmic reactions at B3LYP/AUG‐cc‐pVTZ and B3LYP/6‐311++G**//B3LYP/6‐31+G* levels of theory. The nine cyclic carbenes include unsubstituted (1_CH2) plus eight α‐cyclopropylcyclonona‐3,5,7‐trienylidenes, which are substituted with ?‐SiMe₂, ?‐NMe, ?‐PMe, ?‐O, ?‐S, ?‐CH₂, ?‐cyclopropyl, and ?‐CMe₂ (2_SiMe2, 2_NMe, 2_PMe, 2_O, 2_S, 2_CH2, 2_cyclopropyl, and 2_CMe2, respectively). The latter eight species enjoy the stabilizing interaction of the occupied Walsh orbital of cyclopropyl with the vacant p_π orbital of the carbene center (Walsh_cyclopropyl → p_{π carbene}). Among them, the singlet closed shell 2_NMe appears the most promising for exhibiting the highest relative singlet–triplet energy gap (ΔE_{s ? t} = 27.1 kcal mol^?1). In contrast, the least stable derivative is triplet 2_SiMe2, which exhibits the lowest relative ΔE_{s ? t} of ?5.5 kcal mol^?1. The overall trend of ΔE_s‐t is 2_NMe > 2_PMe > 2_S > 2_O > 2_cyclopropyl > 2_CMe2 > 2_CH2 > 1_CH2 > 2_SiMe2. With one negative force constant, the unsubstituted 1_CH2 turns out to be a transition state, whereas the rest emerge as minima. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis,Characterization and Investigation of Side Chain Length and/or Substituents Effect on the Liquid Crystal Properties of New Mesogens

New substituted and unsubstituted phenol based mesogene series having an azo central linkage was synthesized by fixing phenol as rigid core unit with aromatic amine. The terminal –OH group was esterified successively by long alkyl chain acid chloride of variable length (n=2, 6, 11, 15, 17). All 25 synthesized compounds exhibit mesomorphism. The effect of side chain length and substituents on the stability of liquid crystals was studied. The study reveals that nitro substituent destabilizes nematic and smectic phases more than floro substituent. Furthermore, the transition temperature decreases as the length of side chain increases.     

Investigating a Class of Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations and Its Hyers-Ulam Stability by Means of Topological Degree Theory

The aim of this article is to seek some adequate conditions via a prior estimate method (topological degree method) to derive the existence of solution to a nonlinear boundary value problem of fractional differential equations (FDEs). With the help of topological degree method which has been applied in many articles, we establish the required results for existence and uniqueness of solution to a class of FDEs. Moreover, we also formulate sufficient conditions for Hyers-Ulam stability to the solution of the considered problem. Finally, an appropriate example is provided to justify the relevant results.     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Some Novel 2-Aroylimino-3-aryl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazolines

An efficient synthesis of some novel 2-aroylimino-3-aryl-4-phenyl-1,3-thiazolines was carried out by base-catalyzed cyclization of 1-aroyl-3-arylthioureas with acetophenone in the presence of bromine. The structures were confirmed by spectroscopic data, elemental analyses, and in one case (2t) by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data.     

Combined effect of gamma irradiation and hot water dipping on the selected nutrients and shelf life of peach

Gamma irradiation in combination with hot water dipping treatment was tested for maintaining storage quality and extending the shelf life of peach fruit. The matured peaches fruits (local variety no, Tex-A-6-69) were first dipped in hot water having temperature of 0, 40 and 60 °C for 60 seconds and they were exposed to 0.5 and 1.0 kGy doses of gamma radiation and stored in paper cartons under ambient (temperature 25 ± 2 °C, RH 70 %) conditions for their physico-chemical evaluations on weekly basis. The combine effect of hot water dipping treatment and irradiation for peach was study for the first time in Pakistan. The parameters studied included % weight loss, % ash content, % moisture content, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity and ascorbic acid. The sensory indices studied were size, shape, color and overall acceptability. The sensory evaluation values at 0 days for the controlled peach sample were recorded for comparison. Statistical analysis was performed to find determinates of irradiation alone and in combination with hot water dipping techniques on peaches. Studies revealed that irradiation treatment in combination with hot water treatments significantly (LSD at 5 %) maintained the storage quality of peach fruit under ambient conditions. Data obtained for weight loss, moisture, shape and overall acceptability showed significant results while non-significant values were recorded for ash, TSS and size. Overall, consumers rated the acceptability of treated peaches higher than untreated peaches. This particular type of research also helps in improving one’s country export quality of fruits.